Table Info

Table 4.

Autoantibodies associated with SFN

Autoantibody	Clinical significance	Level of evidence	References
Anti-sulfatide (IgM)	Acute onset May respond to steroid therapy	Low; retrospective data analysis	[102, 103]
Anti-TS-HDS (IgM)	Common in females with NLD pathology Acute onset	Low; retrospective data analysis	[104, 105]
Anti-FGFR3 (IgG)	Common in females with NLD pathology Generalized autonomic dysfunction	Low; retrospective data analysis	[104, 105]
Anti-Plexin D1 (IgG)	Chronic disease duration Most patients have LD, pricking presentation 12.7% prevalence in SFN patients	High; animal studies confirming pathogenicity	[106, 108]
Anti-Na_v (IgG)	Acute onset, length dependent burning sensation	Low; cell-based assays, but pathogenicity not confirmed	[109]
Anti-MX1 (IgG)	iSFN patients	Low; no mechanistic studies	[101]

LD: length dependent

Declarations

Author contributions

ACYC, KO, and JV: Conceptualization. KO, ACYC, JV: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

ACYC is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council [MOH-000437-0] under its NMRC Research Training Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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