Table Info

Table 1.

Summary of tension pneumocephalus cases after surgical evacuation of CSDH in the literature

Authors	Year	Number of CSDH cases	Number of cases with tension pneumocephalus	Age	Clinical presentation	Days after primary surgery	Drain	Management	Outcome
Bouzarth et al. [22]	1980	5	5	59–80	Impaired consciousness	3 days	Subdural	Case 1: craniotomy; case 2: subdural aspiration; case 3: catheter removal; case 4: subcutaneous aspiration; case 5: subdural suction	All cases improved
Monajati and Cotanch [14]	1982	6	1	86	Right arm weakness and speech difficulty	2 days	Subdural	Subdural tap	Weakness improved
Bremer and Nguyen [10]	1982	19	3	60–80	Agitation and impaired consciousness	2 days	N/M	Case 1: emergency craniotomy; case 2: emergent catheter aspiration; case 3: suctioning	Case 1: no improvement; case 2: improved; case 3: improved
Caron et al. [24]	1985	N/M	1	74	Impaired consciousness	N/M	Subdural	Burr hole drainage of the air and lumbar catheter Elliott solution infusion	Improved
Kawakami et al. [25]	1985	N/M	1	N/M	N/M	N/M	N/M	Closed system drain	Improved
Atluru and Kumar [26]	1987	N/M	1	10 weeks	Macrocephaly, diffuse hypertonia, and hyperreflexia with marked head lag	1 day	N/M	Needle aspiration	Improved
Ishiwata et al. [11]	1988	196	5	70–86	Impaired consciousness	6 h–2 days	N/M	Burr hole evacuation	All cases improved
Sharma et al. [4]	1989	63	5	6–60	Drowsiness and impaired consciousness	5–24 h	N/M	Drill craniostomy and aspiration	All cases improved
Lavano et al. [23]	1990	7	7	40–85	Impaired consciousness	N/M	N/M	Case 1: aspiration of the air, spinal saline infusion; case 2: craniotomy; case 3: burr hole with catheter aspiration; case 4: craniotomy with removal of the air and a membrane; case 5: craniotomy with removal of the air and a membrane; case 6: burr hole evacuation; case 7: burr hole evacuation no improved than craniotomy	All cases improved except case 7 died due to pneumonia
Merlicco et al. [27]	1995	70	5	> 70	Impaired consciousness	12 days	N/M	N/M	Three cases died, one due to a medical cause; the other 2 cases improved
Mori and Maeda [28]	2001	500	4	N/M	Impaired consciousness	N/M	Subdural	Reopening the wound and burr hole evacuation	All cases improved
Cummins [29]	2009	N/M	1	78	Impaired consciousness	N/M	Subdural	Catheter aspiration	Improved
Shaikh et al. [20]	2010	N/M	1	70	Impaired consciousness	3 days	Subdural	Aspiration and catheter insertion	Improved
Ihab [30]	2012	50	2	60 and 62	Case 1: impaired consciousness; case 2: headache	N/M	N/M	Conservative case 1: simple aspiration; case 2: nursing in a flat position, administration of fluids, and supplemental breathing of 100% O₂	Both cases improved
Mehesry et al. [31]	2016	N/M	1	68	Increased right arm weakness and expressive aphasia	N/M	Subdural	Conservative management	Improved
Balevi [32]	2017	148	8	N/M	N/M	N/M	Subdural	Closed subdural drainage	All cases improved
Turgut and Yay [33]	2019	N/M	1	59	Seizures	3 days	Subcutaneous	Burr hole evacuation	Improved
Moscovici et al. [34]	2019	45	N/M	> 90	N/M	N/M	N/M	Conservative management	N/M
Dobran et al. [35]	2020	153	2	N/M	N/M	N/M	N/M	Burr hole evacuation	All cases improved
Celi and Saal [36]	2020	N/M	1	85	Rapid neurological deterioration	2 days	Subdural	Conservative management	Death
Lepić et al. [37]	2022	N/M	1	81	Hypertension	N/M	Subdural	Emergency irrigation	No improvement and no further surgery was needed

O₂: oxygen; N/M: not mentioned

Declarations

Author contributions

MAA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft. AH: Methodology, Data curation. BLW: Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The manuscript entitled “Tension pneumocephalus as a complication of surgical evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma: case report and literature review” complies with the declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of Cairo University Hospital Department of Research with a reference number C156634.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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