Table Info

Table 2.

Immunotherapeutic agents on the clinical trial for PD

Type	Drug	Target	Mechanism of action	Phase of deve-lopment	Clinical trials.gov ID	Statuses	Sponsor	Result	Reference
Active	PD01A AFF	C-terminus	Peptide-based vaccine	Phase I	NCT01568099	Completed	AFFiRiS AG	Good tolerability and safety of subcutaneous administration	[62, 63]
	PD01A AFF		Mimics α-Syn peptide vaccination acts as B cell epitope	Phase IB	NCT02618941	Completed, result pending		Safe and tolerable
	PD03A AFF		Mimics α-Syn peptide vaccination acts as B cell epitope	Phase I	NCT02267434	Completed		Safe and tolerable
	UB-312	C-terminus	Targets olig and fibrillar α-Syn	Phase IA and B	NCT04075318	Completed	United Neuroscience Ltd.	Safe, well tolerated, and induced anti-α-Syn antibodies in serum and CSF	[64]
Passive	Prasinezumab (PRX002)	C-terminus	Aggre α-Syn at AA 118–126	Phase II	NCT03100149	Active, not recruiting	Hoffman-La Roche. Prothena Biosciences	Safe and well tolerated ↓ Free serum α-Syn	[65–67]
	Prasinezumab (PRX002)	C-terminus	Aggre α-Syn at AA 118–126	Phase IIB	NCT04777331	Recruiting	Hoffman-La Roche. Prothena Biosciences	-	-
	Cinpanemab (BIIB054)	N-terminus	Aggre, fibrillar α-Syn	Phase I	NCT02459886	Completed	Biogen	Safe and well tolerated with no TEAEs	[68]
	Cinpanemab (BIIB054)	N-terminus	Aggre, fibrillar α-Syn	Phase II	NCT03318523	Terminated	Biogen	The study did not meet its primary outcome	[69]
	MEDI1341/TAK-341	C-terminus	Directly bind to all from of α-Syn	Phase I	NCT03272165	Completed	AstraZeneca; Takeda Pharmaceuticals	-	-
	MEDI1341/TAK-341	C-terminus	Monomeric and aggre α-Syn at the AA 103–129 region	Phase I	NCT04449484	Completed		Result pending	[55]
	MEDI1341/TAK-341	C-terminus	Monomeric and aggre α-Syn at the AA 103–129 region	Phase III	NCT05526391	Recruiting		-	-
	ABBV-0805/BAN0805	C-terminus	Aggre α-Syn oligo/proto-fibrils at AA 121–127	Phase I	NCT04127695	Withdrawn	AbbVie, BioArctic Neuroscience	-	-
	Lu AF82422	C-terminus	Aggre α-Syn at AA 112–117	Phase II	NCT05104476	Recruiting	H. Lundbeck	-	-
	UCB7853	C-terminus	Aggre α-Syn	Phase I	NCT04651153	Active, not recruiting	UCB Biopharma SRL	Ongoing	-

-: not applicable. TEAEs: treatment-emergent adverse events

Declarations

Author contributions

GH: Writing—original draft. GH and MN: Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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