Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis.Lancet. 2008;372:1502–17. [DOI] [PubMed]
Browne P, Chandraratna D, Angood C, Tremlett H, Baker C, Taylor BV, et al. Atlas of Multiple Sclerosis 2013: a growing global problem with widespread inequity.Neurology. 2014;83:1022–4. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis.Lancet. 2002;359:1221–31. [DOI] [PubMed]
Shinto L, Calabrese C, Morris C, Yadav V, Griffith D, Frank R, et al. A randomized pilot study of naturopathic medicine in multiple sclerosis.J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14:489–96. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Espejo-Antúnez L, Tejeda JFH, Albornoz-Cabello M, Rodríguez-Mansilla J, de la Cruz-Torres B, Ribeiro F, et al. Dry needling in the management of myofascial trigger points: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Complement Ther Med. 2017;33:46–57. [DOI] [PubMed]
Gattie E, Cleland JA, Snodgrass S. The effectiveness of trigger point dry needling for musculoskeletal conditions by physical therapists: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017;47:133–49. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hadi S, Khadijeh O, Hadian M, Niloofar AY, Olyaei G, Hossein B, et al. The effect of dry needling on spasticity, gait and muscle architecture in patients with chronic stroke: a case series study.Top Stroke Rehabil. 2018;25:326–32. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mendigutia-Gómez A, Martín-Hernández C, Salom-Moreno J, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C. Effect of dry needling on spasticity, shoulder range of motion, and pressure pain sensitivity in patients with stroke: a crossover study.J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016;39:348–58. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sánchez-Mila Z, Salom-Moreno J, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Effects of dry needling on post-stroke spasticity, motor function and stability limits: a randomised clinical trial.Acupunct Med. 2018;36:358–66. [DOI] [PubMed]
Calvo S, Brandín-de la Cruz N, Jiménez-Sánchez C, Bravo-Esteban E, Herrero P. Effects of dry needling on function, hypertonia and quality of life in chronic stroke: a randomized clinical trial.Acupunct Med. 2022;40:312–21. [DOI] [PubMed]
Cuenca Zaldívar JN, Calvo S, Bravo-Esteban E, Oliva Ruiz P, Santi-Cano MJ, Herrero P. Effectiveness of dry needling for upper extremity spasticity, quality of life and function in subacute phase stroke patients.Acupunct Med. 2021;39:299–308. [DOI] [PubMed]
Cruz-Montecinos C, Núñez-Cortés R, Bruna-Melo T, Tapia C, Becerra P, Pavez N, et al. Dry needling technique decreases spasticity and improves general functioning in incomplete spinal cord injury: a case report.J Spinal Cord Med. 2020;43:414–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Tavakol Z, Shariat A, Ghannadi S, Noormohammadpour P, Honarpishe R, Cleland JA, et al. The effect of dry needling on upper and lower limb spasticity in a patient with a brain tumor.Acupunct Med. 2019;37:133–5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Brandín-de la Cruz N, Calvo S, Rodríguez-Blanco C, Herrero P, Bravo-Esteban E. Effects of dry needling on gait and muscle tone in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized clinical trial.Acupunct Med. 2022;40:3–12. [DOI] [PubMed]
Fernández-Sanchis D, Brandín-de la Cruz N, Jiménez-Sánchez C, Gil-Calvo M, Herrero P, Calvo S. Cost-effectiveness of upper extremity dry needling in chronic stroke.Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10:160. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Fernández Sanchis D, Cuenca Zaldívar JN, Calvo S, Herrero P, Gómez Barrera M. Cost-effectiveness of upper extremity dry needling in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke.Acupunct Med. 2022;40:160–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Fernández D, Pujol C, Ruber C, Calvo S, Levin MF, Herrero P, et al. Economics of dry needling and botulinum toxin type A for treatment of post-stroke spasticity: a review.Explor Neuroprot Ther. 2022;2:131–40. [DOI]
Dunning J, Butts R, Mourad F, Young I, Flannagan S, Perreault T. Dry needling: a literature review with implications for clinical practice guidelines.Phys Ther Rev. 2014;19:252–65. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Karpatkin HI, Napolione D, Siminovich-Blok B. Acupuncture and multiple sclerosis: a review of the evidence.Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014;2014:972935. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews.BMJ. 2021;372:160. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Tufanaru C, Munn Z, Aromataris E, Campbell J, Hopp L. Chapter 3: Systematic reviews of effectiveness. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. JBI manual for evidence synthesis. Australia: JBI; 2020.
Moola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, Aromataris E, Sears K, Sfetcu R, et al. Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Australia: JBI; 2020.
Del Pilar Pérez-Trujillo M, González-Platas M, Pérez-Martín MY, Revert-Gironés MC, González-Platas J. Dry needling for treating spasticity in multiple sclerosis.J Phys Ther Sci. 2021;33:505–10. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Javier-Ormazábal A, Herrero P, González-Platas M. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation in multiple sclerosis: a case report.Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. 2023;13:15–20. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Luque-Moreno C, Granja-Domínguez A, Heredia-Rizo AM, Lucena-Antón D, Galán-Mercant A, Moral-Munoz JA. Multiple sclerosis treatment: dry needling, new therapeutic frontiers. J Adv Health care. 2020;[Epub ahead of print].
Miller BJ, Kolobe TH, Larson RD, Pribble BA, Pardo G, James SA. Functional intermuscular reduction in spasticity for people with multiple sclerosis.Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2022;8:20552173211061548. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
McDowell JM, Kohut SH, Johnson GM. Trigger point acupuncture (dry needling) and associated fecal incontinence in multiple sclerosis: a case report.Med Acupunct. 2015;27:283–7. [DOI]
Khalifeloo M, Naghdi S, Ansari NN, Dommerholt J, Sahraian MA. Dry needling for the treatment of muscle spasticity in a patient with multiple sclerosis: a case report.Physiother Theory Pract. 2022;38:3248–54. [DOI] [PubMed]
León F, Manzo L, Kababie R, Figueroa J, Cuellar C, Herrero P. Effects of dry needling on spasticity in multiple sclerosis evaluated through the rate-dependent depression of the H reflex: a case report.Int Med Case Rep J. 2023;16:293–302. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Luque-Moreno C, Granja-Domínguez A, Moral-Munoz JA, Izquierdo-Ayuso G, Lucena-Anton D, Heredia-Rizo AM. Effectiveness of dry needling versus placebo on gait performance, spasticity, electromyographic activity, pain, range-of-movement and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial protocol.Brain Sci. 2020;10:997. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Motamedzadeh O, Ansari NN, Naghdi S, Azimi A, Mahmoudzadeh A, Calvo S, et al. A study on the effects of dry needling in multiple sclerosis patients with spasticity: protocol of a randomized waitlist-controlled trial.J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2021;14:82–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Meyer-Moock S, Feng YS, Maeurer M, Dippel FW, Kohlmann T. Systematic literature review and validity evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) in patients with multiple sclerosis.BMC Neurol. 2014;14:58. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]