Table Info

Table 2.

IGF-1 regulation of oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease (PD)

Reference	Author (publication year)	PD model	IGF-1 model	Oxidative stress markers	Effects
[57]	Nadjar et al., 2009	MPTP	Heterozygous IGF-1R^+/– mice	Oxidative stress-associated genes.	Downregulation of oxidative stress-associated genes, but also several anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. IGF-1 signaling can reduce the neuro-inflammation-dependent sensitivity of neurons to MPTP.
[58]	Tseng et al., 2019	Primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures treated with MPTP	Physiological IGF-1 measures	The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by H2DCF-DA staining, and the fluorescence of the product dichlorofluorescein (DCF) was analyzed by the Coulter CyFlow Cytometer.	Loganin protects neurons against MPP⁺-induced apoptotic death, neurite damage, and oxidative stress, and activations of IGF-1R and GLP-1R play important roles in the neuroprotective effects of loganin.
[60]	Avila-Gomez et al., 2010	Rotenone human lymphocyte cells	Physiological IGF-1 measures	Assessment of superoxide anion radical generation and hydrogen peroxide.	IGF-1 was able to rescue lymphocytes pre-incubated with rotenone by reducing rotenone-induced ROS.
[62]	Ayadi et al., 2016	6-OHDA Sprague Dawley rats	IGF-1 mediums and serum	Changes in phosphokinases associated.	IGF-1 protects dopamine neurons against oxidative stress: association with changes in phosphokinases. IGF-1 can protect the nigrostriatal pathway in a progressive PD model and that protection is preceded by activation of key pro-survival signaling cascades.
[63]	Qin et al., 2021	6-OHDA male Wistar rats	IGF-1-related sequences	SOD activity by nitroblue tetrazolium method, MDA content by thiobarbituric acid method, GSH-Px activity by colorimetry and CAT content by double antibody sandwich method.	miR-185 targeted IGF-1 to activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Up-regulation of IGF-1 mitigated restored miR-185-mediated effects on PD rats.

Declarations

Author contributions

MLH: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. LGC: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. ALO: Conceptualization, Visualization. MJB and CBH: Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

All the authors are members of the National Council on Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET).

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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