Table Info

Table 4.

IGF-1 regulation of oxidative stress in neuroinflammation

Reference	Author (publication year)	Neuroinflammatory model	IGF-1 model	Oxidative stress markers	Effects
[88]	Hayes et al., 2021	Stroke E17-19 rat neuronal, astrocytes, and endothelial cell cultures Glutamate-induced toxicity	Exogenous IGF-1 IGF-1R inhibition with PPP	Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA)	IGF-1 can protect neurons from glutamate. Inhibition of IGF-1R impairs the neuroprotective capabilities of astrocytes. Inhibition of IGF-1R significantly increases ROS production in both astrocytes and endothelial cells.
[89]	Genis et al., 2014	Postnatal rats and mice for in vitro cultures (P0–3 days for astrocytes and P7 for neurons) and 3-month-old mice for in vivo experiments	Physiological IGF-1 measures IGF-1 deficiency and blockade	H₂O₂	IGF-1 signaling participates in astrocyte neuroprotection against oxidative injury. IGF-1 decreases the pro-oxidant protein thioredoxin-interacting protein 1 and normalizes the levels of reactive oxygen species.
[90]	Grinberg et al., 2013	Rat hippocampal slice cultures Spreading depression	IGF-1 mediums	CellRox^™	IGF-1 mitigated microglial but not astrocytic oxidative stress from SD.
[91]	Tien et al., 2017	Intracerebral injection of LPS to 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups	Intranasal administration of IGF-1	COX-2 expression	The protective effects of IGF-1 are associated with the decrease in microglia activation and reduction of neuronal oxidative stress by suppressing neuronal COX-2 expression in the rat SN, VTA, OB, and LC.
[92]	Bake et al., 2014	Stroke Middle-aged female Sprague Dawley rats	Intracerebroventricular infusion of IGF-1 (human recombinant)	Levels of thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS)	IGF-1 reduces infarct volume in the acute phase of ischemia-reperfusion injury. IGF-1 did not attenuate TBAR levels in ischemic tissue. IGF-1 mediated regulation of inflammatory cytokines in the postischemic brain.
[93]	Montivero et al., 2021	Traumatic brain injury Male Wistar rats	Adenoviral IGF-1 gene therapy	Protein (AOPP) and lipids (MDA) peroxidation	Locally administered IGF-1 gene therapy a few minutes after TBI, significantly reduces recognized oxidative stress markers, such as the protein and lipid (AOPP and MDA concentrations respectively) peroxidation increments observed at 24 h and impairs its long-term maintenance, also by reducing their levels 7 days after TBI.

Declarations

Author contributions

MLH: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. LGC: Methodology, Investigation, Writing—review & editing. ALO: Conceptualization, Visualization. MJB and CBH: Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

All the authors are members of the National Council on Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET).

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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