Table Info

Table 2.

Likelihood score of different cholestatic DILI cases defined by LiverTox (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31643176)

Pharmacological group	Agents	Likelihood score
NSAIDs	Celecoxib	B
	Ibuprofen	A
	Metafenamic acid	D
	Meloxicam	C
	Naproxen	B
	Nimesulide	A
	Oxaprozin	C
	Piroxicam	B
	Rofecoxib	C
	Sulindac	A
Statins	Atorvastatin	A
	Simvastatin	A
	Fluvastatin	B
Antiinfectives	Amoxicillin-clavulanate	A
	Penicillins (2nd generation)	B-C
	Cephalosporines	B
	Macrolides	A-B
	TMP-SMX	NA
	Nitrofurantoin	A
	Ciprofloxacin	B
	Levofloxacin	A
	Doxycycline	B
	Meropenem	D
	Terbinafine	B
	Amphotericin B	C
	Micafungin	D
	Itraconazole	B
Psychotropic agents	Chlorpromazine	A
	Imipramine	B
	Amitriptyline	B
	Fluoxetine/citalopram	C
	Duloxetine	C
Immunomodulator and antineoplastic drugs	Azathioprine	A
	Eculizumab	D
	Cisplatin	C
	Durvalumab	B
	Pembrolizumab	A
	Pexidartinib	B
	Nivolumab	A
	Atezolizumab	B
	Avelumab	B
Herbs	Kratom	B
	Ashwagandha	C
	Tribulus	E
COVID-19 vaccines	BNT162b2, Pfizer	C
	mRNA-1273	C
	ChAdOx1, AstraZeneca	C
	Ad26.COV2.2, Janssen	D
	NVX-CoV2373, Novavax	E
	Gam-COVID-Vac, Spuntnik V	E
	Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine	E

Likelihood score: A (well known cause of clinically apparent liver injury), B (highly likely cause of clinically apparent liver injury), C (probable rare cause clinically apparent liver injury), D (possible rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury), E (unproven but suspected cause of clinically apparent liver injury or unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury, depend on the involved substance). COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; mRNA: messenger RNA; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; TMP-SMX: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

Declarations

Author contributions

JMPB and JPTO equally contributed to: Conceptualization and Writing—original draft. RJA: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, and Writing—review & editing. MGC: Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) cofounded by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional—FEDER [FIS 21_01248, PI18/00901, UMA18-FEDERJA-193]. CIBERehd is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). All authors are members of the COST ACTION [CA-17112] Prospective European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), www.cost.eu. JMPB holds a Rio Hortega contract [CM21/00074] from ISCIII. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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