Table Info

Table 2.

Main causes of dyspnea in cirrhotic patients

Pulmonary vascular complications associated with portal hypertension	Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension
Pleural effusion associated with portal hypertension	Hepatic hydrothorax
Extra-pulmonary conditions associated with cirrhosis	Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy Large volume ascites Saropenia Anemia
Lung diseases linked to the cause of cirrhosis	Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency Diffuse interstitial lung disease associated with scleroderma, primary biliary cholangitis or sarcoidosis Venous thromboembolism
Cardio-pulmonary manifestations associated with other disorders	Obesity Lung diseases associated with cigarette smoking Pleuropulmonary infections Ischemic/hypertensive/alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Declarations

Author contributions

TT: Writing—original draft, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. SR, AA, BAB, and HMD: Writing—original draft. JFDC: Visualization. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

Prof. Jean François D. Cadranel is the Editorial Board Member of Exploration of Digestive Diseases, but he had no involvement in the journal review process of this manuscript. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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