Table Info

Table 6.

Serum inflammatory markers throughout the course of the study

Serum inflammatory markers	Randomised drug	Baseline	Week 13	Week 26	Week 39	Week 52
TNF-α pg/mL mean (SE)	Etanercept	1.73 (0.18)	26.89 (3.07)	24.46 (1.82)	21.62 (3.99)	27.41 (6.96)
TNF-α pg/mL mean (SE)	Placebo	2.02 (0.15)	2.01 (0.17)	2.08 (0.18)	2.28 (0.16)	2.29 (0.30)
IFN-γ pg/mL mean (SE)	Etanercept	4.11 (1.81)	7.47 (3.10)	3.92 (1.21)	12.39 (4.88)	5.73 (2.56)
IFN-γ pg/mL mean (SE)	Placebo	2.72 (0.70)	2.16 (0.66)	1.94 (0.89)	2.57 (1.48)	3.68 (1.48)
IL-10 pg/mL mean (SE)	Etanercept	0.23 (0.07)	0.24 (0.07)	0.17 (0.07)	0.41 (0.26)	0.14 (0.03)
IL-10 pg/mL mean (SE)	Placebo	0.21 (0.06)	0.19 (0.05)	0.22 (0.05)	0.23 (0.06)	0.25 (0.07)
IL-12 pg/mL mean (SE)	Etanercept	0.72 (0.69)	0.75 (0.64)	0.90 (0.75)	1.16 (1.00)	0.24 (0.11)
IL-12 pg/mL mean (SE)	Placebo	0.05 (0.01)	0.06 (0.01)	0.04 (0.02)	0.06 (0.03)	0.07 (0.04)
IL-6 pg/mL mean (SE)	Etanercept	0.69 (0.16)	0.67 (0.16)	0.67 (0.15)	1.37 (0.40)	0.65 (0.17)
IL-6 pg/mL mean (SE)	Placebo	0.49 (0.07)	0.37 (0.02)	0.39 (0.03)	0.36 (0.05)	0.32 (0.06)
IL-8 pg/mL mean (SE)	Etanercept	8.03 (1.23)	9.26 (1.54)	9.00 (1.67)	7.16 (1.32)	9.95 (2.14)
IL-8 pg/mL mean (SE)	Placebo	8.36 (1.21)	8.12 (1.42)	7.42 (0.81)	7.75 (1.11)	10.00 (2.16)
TGF-ß ng/mL mean (SE)	Etanercept	86.93 (16.66)	111.12 (23.81)	118.86 (26.22)	96.18 (24.46)	113.94 (24.13)
TGF-ß ng/mL mean (SE)	Placebo	87.90 (18.38)	149.30 (78.58)	137.57 (49.28)	116.60 (68.43)	188.80 (120.76)
CRP mg/L mean (SE)	Etanercept	9.08 (2.41)	9.20 (4.08)	5.68 (2.69)	23.40 (15.38)	37.77 (27.78)
CRP mg/L mean (SE)	Placebo	7.89 (2.05)	4.63 (1.48)	9.08 (2.68)	6.86 (1.82)	18.19 (11.86)

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors thank study personnel at the Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Southampton, the Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, and the Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester who were involved in administration, drug delivery, venesection, sample preparation, and imaging procedures. The authors also thank all patients and carers who took part in the study.

Author contributions

AG, AHJ, KH and CH: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition. AG, CH, RS, TG, KM, EV and IL: Investigation, Data curation, Formal Analysis. CH and FT: Formal Analysis. AG and CH: Writing—original draft. All authors: Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The protocol and consent forms were approved by a multi-centre research ethics committee (South Central-Hampshire A Research Ethics Committee), reference number 15/SC/0435. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and principles of Good Practice. An independent data and safety monitoring board monitored adverse events.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

The study was funded by the Alzheimer’s Society UK, Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-13] INMIND. Grant agreement number 278850. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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