Table Info

Table 1.

PET radiopharmaceuticals and their clinical uses

Tracer	Half-life	Target	MOA	Clinical uses	References
[¹⁸F]FDG	109.8 min	Glucose metabolism	Measures of brain glucose metabolism and hypometabolism in AD	Assessment of brain glucose metabolism, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating response to treatment	[124]
[¹¹C]PiB	20.4 min	Aβ plaques	It binds to Aβ plaques and measures the amyloid burden in the brain	Assessment of amyloid burden, diagnosis of AD, and monitoring of disease progression	[125, 126]
[¹⁸F]AV-1451 (T807)	109.8 min	Tau protein	Targets tau protein aggregation and phosphorylation in AD	Assessment of tau pathology, diagnosis of AD, and monitoring of disease progression	[127–129]
[¹⁸F]THK-5351 (T807)	109.8 min	Aβ plaques and NFTs	It binds to both Aβ plaques and NFTs in the brain	Assessment of tau pathology, diagnosis of AD, and monitoring of disease progression	[130]
[¹⁸F]BF-227 (florbetaben)	109.8 min	Aβ plaques	It binds to Aβ plaques and measures the amyloid burden in the brain	Assessment of amyloid burden, diagnosis of AD, and monitoring disease progression	[131]
[¹⁸F]Flutemetamol	109.8 min	Aβ plaques	It binds to Aβ plaques and measures the amyloid burden in the brain	Assessment of amyloid burden, diagnosis of AD, and monitoring disease progression	[132, 133]
[¹¹C]PBB3	20.4 min	Aβ plaques and NFTs	It binds to both Aβ plaques and NFTs in the brain	Assessment of amyloid burden, diagnosis of AD, and monitoring disease progression	[134]

Aβ: amyloid beta; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; [¹⁸F]BF-227: 2-(4-(4-(2-[¹⁸F]fluoroethyl)thiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)-N-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide; [¹⁸F]FDG: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose; [¹⁸F]AV-1451: fluorine-18 T807 (flortaucipir); MOA: mechanism of action; NFTs: neurofibrillary tangles; [¹¹C]PBB3: pyridinyl-butadienyl-benzothiazole-3; [¹¹C]PiB: 11-carborn-pittsburgh compound B; THK-5351: N-(1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-2-(4-(methylthio)phenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-3-fluorobenzeneacetamide; PET: positron emission tomography

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support of the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Nanjing First Hospital.

Author contributions

JM: Writing—original draft. RD: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing. BL: Writing—review & editing. JW: Writing—review & editing. MS: Writing—review & editing. FW: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. YY: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [2022YFC2406900]; the Key subjects of nuclear medicine: Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Medical Sciences [JSDW202247]; Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit [JSDW202247]; Nanjing International/Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Program Project [202308005]; the National Natural Science Foundation of China [82301609]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2022M711666]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20220196]; the International Joint Research and Development Project of Nanjing [202201030]; the International Joint Research and Development Project of Nanjing [202308005]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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