Table Info

Table 4.

Molecular targets, pathways, effects on glioma cells, and potential therapeutic agents

Molecular target	Pathway	Effect on glioma cells	Potential therapeutic agents	Reference
TSPO	Mitochondrial function	Promotes cell survival, reduces apoptosis	TSPO ligands (e.g., [¹¹C]PK11195)	[115]
NF-κB	Inflammation	Enhanced by cytokine release	NF-κB inhibitors	[116]
ROS	Oxidation stress	Increases oxidative damage and proliferation	Antioxidants (e.g., N-acetylcysteine)	[117]
Cytochrome C	Apoptotic pathways	Reduced release lowers apoptosis	TSPO inhibitors	[118]

[¹¹C]PK11195: [¹¹C]N-butan-2-yl-1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methylisoquinoline-3-carboxamide; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TSPO: translocator protein

Declarations

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support of the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Nanjing First Hospital.

Author contributions

JM: Writing—original draft. BL and JW: Writing—review & editing. FW: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. YY: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The National Key Research and Development Program of China [2022YFC2406900] supports this work. The key subjects of nuclear medicine: Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Medical Sciences [JSDW202247]. Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline Cultivation Unit [JSDW202247]. Nanjing International/Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Program Project [202308005]. The National Natural Science Foundation of China [82301609], China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2022M711666], Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20220196], the International Joint Research and Development Project of Nanjing [202201030], and the International Joint Research and Development Project of Nanjing [202308005]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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