Table Info

Table 1.

Summary of early diagnosis of DDH in six representative periods

Category	*X-rays examination^ (1979)**	*1st year of US examination^ (1985)**	General US screening^ (1989)**	Selective US screening^* (1990)**	US outpatient clinic^* (1992–2002)**	US outpatient clinic^* (2013–2014)**
Hips	606	2,370	2,000	2,664	43,418	5,598
< 2 Weeks of age	14.5%	11.8%	100.0%	61.1%	21.5%	9.7%
3–8 Weeks of age	14.5%	35.6%	-	11.1%	52.9%	43.0%
> 8 Weeks of age	70.9%	52.6%	-	27.7%	25.5%	47.3%

^* Data from Olgahospital Stuttgart, Germany; ^** study performed at Orthopedic Department of Tübingen University, Germany; ^*** study performed at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. -: no data

Declarations

Author contributions

MDP: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. DF, LM, and NG: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Institute of San Raffaele Hospital, Milan. San Raffaele Hospital is a Scientific Institute and the Center of “Vita-Salute San Raffaele University”.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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