* 1: eligibility criteria were specified; 2: subjects were randomly allocated to groups; 3: allocation was concealed; 4: groups were similar at baseline regarding the most important prognostic indicators; 5: blinding of all subjects; 6: blinding of all therapists who administered the therapy; 7: blinding of all assessors who measured at least one key outcome; 8: measures of at least one key outcome were obtained from more than 85% of the subjects initially allocated to groups; 9: all subjects for whom outcome measures were available received the treatment or control condition as allocated or, where this was not the case, data for at least one key outcome was analyzed by “intention to treat”; 10: results of between-group statistical comparisons are reported for at least one key outcome; 11: study provides both point measures and measures of variability for at least one key outcome
Dale A, Anderson D, Klions H, Tane K, Blankstein K. Biofeedback and relaxation effects in electromyographic biofeedback training: a methodological note.Percept Mot Skills. 1979;48:848–50. [DOI] [PubMed]
Garcia-Hernandez N, Garza-Martinez K, Parra-Vega V. Electromyography Biofeedback Exergames to Enhance Grip Strength and Motivation.Games Health J. 2018;7:75–82. [DOI] [PubMed]
Huang H, Wolf SL, He J. Recent developments in biofeedback for neuromotor rehabilitation.J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2006;3:11. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Holtermann A, Roeleveld K, Mork PJ, Grönlund C, Karlsson JS, Andersen LL, et al. Selective activation of neuromuscular compartments within the human trapezius muscle.J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2009;19:896–902. [DOI] [PubMed]
Karaborklu Argut S, Celik D, Yasacı Z. Effectiveness of therapeutic electromyographic biofeedback after orthopedic knee surgeries: a systematic review.Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44:3364–72. [DOI] [PubMed]
Xie YJ, Wang S, Gong QJ, Wang JX, Sun FH, Miyamoto A, et al. Effects of electromyography biofeedback for patients after knee surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.J Biomech. 2021;120:110386. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kamonseki DH, Calixtre LB, Barreto RPG, Camargo PR. Effects of electromyographic biofeedback interventions for shoulder pain and function: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Clin Rehabil. 2021;35:952–63. [DOI] [PubMed]
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 6.4, 2023 [Internet].The Cochrane Collaboration; 2024 [cited 2024 Jun 8]. Available from: https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/archive/v6.4
Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews.Syst Rev. 2016;5:210. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized controlled trials.Phys Ther. 2003;83:713–21. [PubMed]
Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis. Orlando: Academic Press; 1985.
Cohen J. A power primer.Psychol Bull. 1992;112:155–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.BMJ. 2021;372:n71. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Anwar S, Quddus N, Miraj M. Efficacy of Electromyographic Biofeedback Training on pain and functional status in Osteoarthritis of Knee.Indian J Physiother Occup Ther. 2011;5:157–61.
Anwer S, Quddus N, Miraj M, Equebal A. Effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback training on quadriceps muscle strength in osteoarthritis of knee.HKPJ. 2011;29:86–93. [DOI]
Oravitan M, Avram C. The effectiveness of electromyographic biofeedback as part of a meniscal repair rehabilitation programme.J Sports Sci Med. 2013;12:526–32. [PubMed] [PMC]
Raeissadat SA, Rayegani SM, Sedighipour L, Bossaghzade Z, Abdollahzadeh MH, Nikray R, et al. The efficacy of electromyographic biofeedback on pain, function, and maximal thickness of vastus medialis oblique muscle in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial.J Pain Res. 2018;11:2781–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Yilmaz OO, Senocak O, Sahin E, Baydar M, Gulbahar S, Bircan C, et al. Efficacy of EMG-biofeedback in knee osteoarthritis.Rheumatol Int. 2010;30:887–92. [DOI] [PubMed]
Farì G, Megna M, Ranieri M, Agostini F, Ricci V, Bianchi FP, et al. Could the Improvement of Supraspinatus Muscle Activity Speed up Shoulder Pain Rehabilitation Outcomes in Wheelchair Basketball Players?Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20:255. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Tiryaki P, Çelik D, Bilsel K, Erşen A. Effectiveness of Exercises With Electromyographic Biofeedback in Conservative Treatment of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: A Randomized Controlled Study.Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2023;102:419–26. [DOI] [PubMed]
Ahmed H, Shaphe MA, Iqbal A, Khan A, Anwer S. Effect of Trunk Stabilization Exercises using a Gym Ball with or without Electromyography-Biofeedback in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: An Experimental Study.Phys Med Rehabil Kurortmed. 2016;26:79–83. [DOI]
Croce RV. The effects of EMG biofeedback on strength acquisition.Biofeedback Self Regul. 1986;11:299–310. [DOI] [PubMed]
Lucca JA, Recchiuti SJ. Effect of electromyographic biofeedback on an isometric strengthening program.Phys Ther. 1983;63:200–3. [DOI] [PubMed]