Table Info

Table 2.

Comparison of RA-ILD and RA-non ILD group characteristics

Characteristics	RA-ILD (N = 13)	RA-non ILD (N = 277)	P
Age, year, mean (SD)	65.38 (10.18)	58.49 (11.52)	0.04
Female, n (%)	12 (92.3)	248 (89.5)	1.00
Ever smoking, n (%)	1 (7.7)	21 (7.6)	1.00
Disease duration (year), median (IQR)	12 (8–19)	10 (6–16)	0.46
RF, n (%)	12 (92.3)	204 (73.6)	0.20
ACPA, n (%)	7 (53.8)	165 (59.6)	1.00
Radiographic hands or feet erosion, n (%)	8 (61.5)	152 (54.9)	0.77
PGA score, median (IQR)	0 (0–3)	1 (0–3)	0.23
DAS28-ESR score, mean (SD)	2.74 (0.67)	2.69 (0.91)	0.86
HAQ score, median (IQR)	0.88 (0–1.13)	0.25 (0–0.63)	0.04
EQ-5D-5L score, mean (SD)	0.84 (0.18)	0.92 (0.11)	0.14
Global health score, mean (SD)	82.31 (14.81)	83.01 (13.58)	0.85
6MWD, meter, mean (SD)	319.71 (70.67)	358.40 (83.94)	0.10
Medications
MTX, n (%)	11 (84.6)	240 (86.6)	0.69
Antimalarial, n (%)	6 (46.2)	129 (46.6)	0.97
LEF, n (%)	4 (30.8)	77 (27.8)	0.76
SSZ, n (%)	3 (23.1)	75 (27.1)	1.00
AZA, n (%)	1 (7.7)	3 (1.1)	0.17
Cyclosporin, n (%)	0 (0)	4 (1.4)	1.00
bDMARDs, n (%)	0 (0)	18 (6.5)	1.00
tsDMARDs, n (%)	0 (0)	4 (1.4)	1.00
Prednisolone, n (%)	2 (15.4)	32 (11.6)	0.65
Pulmonary manifestations
Breathlessness, n (%)	5 (38.5)	3 (1.1)	< 0.001
Dry cough, n (%)	1 (7.7)	2 (0.7)	0.13
Basal crackles, n (%)	11 (84.6)	6 (2.2)	< 0.001
Exertional desaturation, n (%)	1 (7.7)	4 (1.4)	0.20

ACPA: anticitrullinated peptide antibodies; AZA: azathioprine; bDMARDs: biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, e.g., adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, rituximab, tocilizumab; CSA: cyclosporin A; DAS28-ESR: Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; LEF: leflunomide; MTX: methotrexate; PGA: patient global assessment; RF: rheumatoid factor; SSZ: sulfasalazine; tsDMARDs: targeted synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, e.g., tofacitinib, baricitinib; 6MWD: six-minute walk distance; IQR: interquartile range; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ILD: interstitial lung disease; RA: rheumatoid arthritis

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the participants in the outpatient rheumatology clinic for their cooperation. The authors also thank Khemajira Karaketklang, B.Sc. (Nursing), MPH, for statistical analysis; and Bhoom Suktitipat, MD, Ph.D. and Nutchavadee Vorasan, M.Sc. (Tropical Medicine), for database management.

Author contributions

BSU: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SD: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SW: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. KB: Investigation, Writing—review & editing. WK: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent provisions, and it was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University (approval no. Si177/2022).

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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