Table Info

Table 2.

Advantages of different folate-albumin systems (conjugates, albumin particles, and shell@core structures) depending on their composition

Property	Folate-albumin conjugate	Folate-albumin NSPs	Folate-albumin shell@core NSPs
Tumor-targeting properties
targeting via folate receptors and albumin-binding receptors (Gp18, Gp30, Gp60, and SPARC)	+	+	+
albumin as a resource of amino acids and energy for cells	+	+	+
Performance of the systems in vivo
biocompatibility	+	+	+
biodegradability	+	+	+/–
low immunogenicity	+	+	+
long half-life, prolonged circulation in bloodstream	+	+	+
minimal toxicity	+	+	+/–
reduced thrombogenic activity	+	+	+
colloidal stability	+	+	+
Areas of application
ligand-derived applications (drug transport, PDT, visualization, etc.)	+	+	+
core-derived applications (MRI, magnetic hyperthermia, etc.)	N/A	N/A	+

MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NSPs: nanosized and submicron particles (or nano- and submicroparticles); PDT: photodynamic therapy; SPARC: secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine; N/A: not applicable

Declarations

Author contributions

MGG and AVB: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. AVT and MIA: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. VSP: Writing—review & editing. DSK: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The work was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) [grant number 22-75-10150]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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