Table Info

Table 2.

Summary of mentioned lipopeptide antibiotic adjuvants

Name (abbreviation, number in text)	Source	Application
Colistin	Paenibacillus polymyxa subspecies colistinus [31]	Last resort antibiotic for GNB infections [31, 32]
Polymyxin B	Paenibacillus polymyxa subspecies colistinus [33]	Last resort antibiotic for GNB infections [33]
Guanidinylated colistin (GCol)	Modification of colistin [34]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with rifampicin, novobiocin, and erythromycin against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), and P. aeruginosa [34]
GCol polymyxin B (GPMB)	Modification of polymyxin B [34]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with vancomycin, clindamycin, and linezolid against E. coli, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa [34]
Brevibacillin 2V	Brevibacillus laterosporus [35, 36]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with nalidixic acid, azithromycin, rifampicin, and amikacin against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii [35, 36]
Short antimicrobial peptidomimetic 5 (SAMP-5)	Peptidomimetics	Antibiotic with activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa [37]; antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, and chloramphenicol against P. aeruginosa [38]; antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with ciprofloxacin and oxacillin against E. coli [38]
Dilipid ultrashort tetrabasic peptidomimetic (dUSTBP) di(C₈-Arg)-Nbap-Arg-NH₂ (8)	Peptidomimetics [39]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with novobiocin and rifampicin against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and Enterobacteriaceae [39]
dUSTBβP 3	Modification of 8 to incorporate beta-amino acid (β-AA) instead of α-AA [40]	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with novobiocin and rifampicin against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) [40]; increased resistance against proteolysis but slower bactericidal activity than 8
C₁₀BBc₁₂B	Peptidomimetics	Antibiotic adjuvant, synergy with rifampin against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, and E. coli; synergy with erythromycin against E. coli and K. pneumoniae; additive effect with erythromycin against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii [41, 42]
Lipo S	N/A	Used together: antibiotic adjuvant, encapsulation of ciprofloxacin with synergistic effects against K. pneumoniae [43]; Lipo 20 alone: antibiotic activity against K. pneumoniae
Lipo 20	N/A

N/A: not applicable

Declarations

Author contributions

COS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. SJS: Validation, Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

COS and SJS were financially supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant [1R01AI148570-01]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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