Exploration of Drug Science

Table 1. Types of leishmanial vaccines [87–98]

Types of vaccines	Contents
Leishmanization	Live and virulent L. major or L. tropica
Killed vaccines	Killed Leishmania species
Live genetically modified vaccines (avirulent)	BT1 (biopterin transporter 1)
	Ldp27 (L. donovani amastigote specific protein p27)
	HSP70-II nul (heat-schok protein)
	KHARON1
	Cen (centrin)
Recombinant and subunit vaccines	Recombinant LEISH-F1, LIESH-F2 and LEISH-F3
	LdA2, Ldp27, eIF-2, NH (nucleoside hydrolase), CPA (cysteine protease A), CPB, SMT (sterol 24-c-methyltransferase), H1 (histone-1), HSP, LACK
	Sand fly saliva antigens: LJM19, LJL143, and PdSP15
DNA vaccines	A2, LACK, TSA + LmSTI1, gp63 (glycoprotein 63), KMP-11 (kinetoplastid membrane protein 11), CPB, NH36, LeIF, gp63 + HS
DNA vaccines	Semian adenovirus expressing NH and SMT
Live non-pathogenic vaccines	Avirulent Leishmania tarentolae

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Declarations

Acknowledgments

I acknowledge the esteemed faculty and researchers at Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune for their valuable contributions and support in the development of this review article. Their expertise and guidance have been instrumental in shaping the content and insights presented in this work. I extend my sincere gratitude to the institution for providing a conducive academic environment that fosters research excellence and innovation.

Author contributions

TM: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. DK and DB: Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing—review & editing.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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