Table Info

Table 1.

Summary of cellular localization, target proteins, and functions of sirtuins in aging

Sirtuin	Cellular localization	Molecular weight (kDa)	Enzymatic activity	Target proteins	Function	References
Sirt1	Nuclear Cytoplasmic	81.7	Deacetylation Decrotonylation Delactylation	H1, H3, H4, LKB1, AMPK, MnSOD, NF-κB, FOXO, PGC-1α, mTOR	DNA repair, insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, neuroprotection	[7, 54, 55]
Sirt2	Cytoplasmic Nuclear	43.2	Deacetylation Demyristoylation	H4K16, α-tubulin, FOXO, p53	Cell cycle regulation, DNA repair	[22, 56]
Sirt3	Mitochondrial Nuclear Cytoplasmic	43.6	Deacetylation Decrotonylation Delactylation	H3, H4, FOXO, MnSOD, catalase, p53 GDH	ATP production, regulation of mitochondrial metabolism	[26, 27, 54, 55]
Sirt4	Mitochondrial	35.2	ADP-ribosylation Deacylation Deacetylation	AMPK, Glutamate dehydrogenase malonyl-CoA decarboxylase	Insulin secretion, fatty acid oxidation, apoptosis	[30, 57, 58]
Sirt5	Mitochondrial	33.9	Deacetylation Demalonyation Desuccinylation Deglutarylation	SOD, Succinate dehydrogenase	Fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress	[36, 59–61]
Sirt6	Nuclear	39.1	ADP-ribosylation Demyristoylation Deacetylation Depalmitoylation	H2B, H3, FOXO, PARP1, NF-κB, IGF-1/AKT	DNA repair, genome stability, telomere maintenance, stress response, energy homeostasis	[38, 45, 62, 63]
Sirt7	Nucleolar	44.8	Deacetylation Desuccinylation ADP-ribosylation	H2A, H2B, H3, FOXO3a, RNA polymerase-1, PARP-1, p53, ELK-4	Regulation of rRNA transcription, stress resistance, DNA repair	[64–66]

AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; FOXO: forkhead box protein O; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α; GDH: glutamate dehydrogenase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, for support of research facilities under UGC-SAP, DBT, and DST-FIST, New Delhi.

Author contributions

PS: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. AKR: Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. DS: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. The authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The study was supported by the Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, under UGC-SAP, DBT, and DST-FIST, New Delhi. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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