Induce apoptosis—PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and ATR/Chk1/p53 signaling pathway↑Expression of BCL-2 and ↓expression of BAX proteinSuppress expression of SOX2 and NANOG genes in A549↑Expression of CD44 and CD133, ↓expression of SLCA11 gene
↑: increasing; ↓: decreasing. PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; ATR: ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related kinase; Chk1: checkpoint kinase 1; BCL-2: B-cell lymphoma 2; BAX: BCL-2-associated X protein; SOX2: SRY-related HMG-box protein 2; NANOG: Nanog homeobox; SLCA11: solute carrier family 11 member A1; NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; AGS: gastric adenocarcinoma; Hep: hepatic; Cdk1: cyclin-dependent kinase 1; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Akt: protein kinase B; PC-3: prostate cancer cell line
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors thank all colleagues who contributed to the preparation of this manuscript, providing support through its development, assisting in the formatting, and making final corrections. During the preparation of this work, authors used the Microsoft CoPilot for generating the guinea pig image. After using the tool, authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.
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