Table Info

Table 2.

Some of the examples of naturally occurring antibacterial agents and their mechanisms of action

Naturally occurring antibacterial drugs	Mechanism of action	Reference
Trans-cinnamaldehyde	Inhibits the growth of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli by disrupting the cell wall integrity, leading to cell lysis and death.	[35]
Carvacrol	Damages bacterial cell membranes, prevents biofilm formation, and disrupts quorum sensing, making it effective against multidrug-resistant strains.	[36]
Gentisaldehyde	Alkylates essential cellular components such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, resulting in protein denaturation and alteration of nucleic acids, which interferes with bacterial function.	[37]
Phloroglucinaldehyde	Uses a dual mechanism by disrupting bacterial cell membranes and inhibiting essential metabolic pathways critical for bacterial survival.	[38]

Declarations

Author contributions

AMR and SSP: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. KD and RD: Validation, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

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