Table Info

Table 2.

Overviewed protein kinase inhibitors

Kinase	Inhibitor(s)	Targeted diseases	Reference(s)
ABL1	Imatinib, Nilotinib, Bosutinib, GNF-2, Asciminib	AD, PD, NPC, ALS	[24–32]
CaMKII	DY-9836, ST101, KN-93	AD, VD, SZ, MDD, PTSD	[33–35]
CK1δ	IGS-2.7	PD, AD, ALS	[36–41]
JNK	SP600125, FMU200, IQ-1S, PT109, Natural compounds (Emodin, Quercetin, Curcumin), Brimapitide, CEP1347	AD, PD, HD	[42–54]
CDK5	Roscovitine, ginsenoside Rg1, Quercetin, P5, Tamoxifen (TMX), LDN-193594, TFP5, pyrrolidine-2,3-dione, Luteolin, Olomoucine, 25-106	AD, PD, SZ, MDD	[55–69]
DYRK1A	DYR219, DYR533, CX-4945, PST-001, Varlitinib, ZDWX-25, EGCG, Harmine, b1	DS, AD, ALS, HD	[70–77]
ERK1/2: via MEK	SL327, PD98059, U0126	AD, PD, ALS, HD, depression, anxiety, LID	[78–84]
ERK1/2: via MEK	PD0325901	Epilepsy	[85]
ERK1/2: via PDE4	Mirdametinib (PD325901)	ASD	[86, 87]
	Rolipram	HD, depression	[88, 89]
	Quetiapine	Depression	[90]
GSK3β	L803-mts, Lithium, AR-A014418, Tideglusib	AD, PD, HD, ALS, BD, epilepsy, SZ, depression	[91–102]
	TDZD-8, SB216763, SAR502250	Depression	[103–105]
	AF3581	BD	[106]
mTOR	Rapamycin, Everolimus, Sirolimus	AD, PD, epilepsy, TSC, ASD, LID, FCDII	[17, 18, 107–112]
	Resveratrol, Luteolin	ASD	[113, 114]
	Curcumin	ASD, TSC model	[115]
p38-MAPK	MW069, VX-745 (neflamapimod)	AD, ALS, PD, HD, dementia with Lewy bodies	[116–123]
PKA: via PDE4	Zatomilast^®	AD	[124–126]
PKC	Bryostatin-1, TMX, Myricitrin	AD, SCA, BD, mania	[127–138]
RIPK1	Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1s), DNL747	ALS, AD, HD, PD	[139–141]
ROCK1 and ROCK2	Fasudil, Ripasudil	AD, PD, HD, ALS	[142, 143]
DLK	GDC-0134	ALS, AD	[144, 145]
LRRK2	DNL201, DNL151, BIIB094	PD	[146–154]

ABL1: Abelson kinase I; CaMKII: calmodulin-dependent kinase II; CK1δ: casein kinase 1δ; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; CDK5: cyclin-dependent kinase; DYRK1A: dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylated and regulated kinase 1A; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK: MAPK kinase 1/2; PDE4: phosphodiesterase 4; GSK3β: glycogen synthase kinase 3β; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; PKA: protein kinase A; PKC: protein kinase C; RIPK1: receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1; ROCK1: Rho-associated protein kinases 1; DLK: dual leucine zipper kinase; LRRK2: leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; EGCG: epigallocatechin-3-gallate; AD: Alzheimer’s disease; PD: Parkinson’s disease; NPC: Niemann-Pick type C; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; VD: vascular dementia; SZ: schizophrenia; MDD: major depressive disorder; PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder; HD: Huntington’s disease; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; LID: L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia; DS: Down syndrome; BD: bipolar disorder; TSC: tuberous sclerosis complex; FCDII: focal cortical dysplasia type II; SCA: spinocerebellar ataxia

Declarations

Author contributions

AARV and PB: Investigation, Writing—original draft. IM: Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

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Consent to publication

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Availability of data and materials

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Funding

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Copyright

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