The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa (approval number 83/23) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The data that support the findings of our study are not publicly available because they contain information that could compromise the privacy of its participants, but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request for the de-personalized sections.
Egger M, Hauser M, Mari A, Ferreira F, Gadermaier G. The role of lipid transfer proteins in allergic diseases.Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2010;10:326–35. [DOI] [PubMed]
Costa AC, Melo A, Duarte F, Pereira-Barbosa M, Santos MCP. Efficacy and tolerance of sublingual immunotherapy with Pru p 3 in patients with peach severe allergy – clinical and immunological follow-up during 12 months.Rev Port Imunoalergologia. 2015;23:11–9. Portuguese.
Asero R, Piantanida M, Pinter E, Pravettoni V. The clinical relevance of lipid transfer protein.Clin Exp Allergy. 2018;48:6–12. [DOI] [PubMed]
Rial MJ, Sastre J. Food allergies caused by allergenic lipid transfer proteins: what is behind the geographic restriction?Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2018;18:56. [DOI] [PubMed]
Poncet P, Sénéchal H, Charpin D. Update on pollen-food allergy syndrome.Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2020;16:561–78. [DOI] [PubMed]
Bogas G, Muñoz-Cano R, Mayorga C, Casas R, Bartra J, Pérez N, et al. Phenotyping peach-allergic patients sensitized to lipid transfer protein and analysing severity biomarkers.Allergy. 2020;75:3228–36. [DOI] [PubMed]
Costa AC, Duarte F, Pedro E, Melo AC, Pereira-Barbosa M, Santos MCP. Sublingual immunotherapy with peach (Pru p 3) – efficacy and safety.Rev Port Imunoalergologia. 2015;23:211–22. Portuguese.
Skypala IJ, Asero R, Barber D, Cecchi L, Diaz Perales A, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, et al.; European Academy of Allergy; Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Task Force: Non‐specific Lipid Transfer Protein Allergy Across Europe. Non-specific lipid-transfer proteins: allergen structure and function, cross-reactivity, sensitization, and epidemiology.Clin Transl Allergy. 2021;11:e12010. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Skypala IJ, Bartra J, Ebo DG, Antje Faber M, Fernández-Rivas M, Gomez F, et al.; European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Task Force: Non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein Allergy Across Europe. The diagnosis and management of allergic reactions in patients sensitized to non-specific lipid transfer proteins.Allergy. 2021;76:2433–46. [DOI] [PubMed]
Skypala IJ, Cecchi L, Shamji MH, Scala E, Till S. Lipid transfer protein allergy in the United Kingdom: characterization and comparison with a matched Italian cohort.Allergy. 2019;74:1340–51. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Hilger C, Santos A, de Las Vecillas L, Dramburg S, editors. Molecular allergology user’s guide 2. 0. Zurich: the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; 2022.
Gomez F, Bogas G, Gonzalez M, Campo P, Salas M, Diaz-Perales A, et al. The clinical and immunological effects of Pru p 3 sublingual immunotherapy on peach and peanut allergy in patients with systemic reactions.Clin Exp Allergy. 2017;47:339–50. [DOI] [PubMed]
Moura AL, Pereira C, Regateiro FS, Azevedo J, Todo Bom A, Carrapatoso I. Pru p 3 sublingual immunotherapy ultra-rush protocol is safe and clinically effective.Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;51:206–12. [DOI] [PubMed]
Paulino M, Costa C, Pedro E, Pereira-Santos MC. Molecular sensitization profile of patients with lipid transfer protein syndrome and associated clinical characteristics.Arq Asma Alerg Imunol. 2021;5:179–85. [DOI]
Pascal M, Muñoz-Cano R, Reina Z, Palacín A, Vilella R, Picado C, et al. Lipid transfer protein syndrome: clinical pattern, cofactor effect and profile of molecular sensitization to plant-foods and pollens.Clin Exp Allergy. 2012;42:1529–39. [DOI] [PubMed]
Fong AT, Ahlstedt S, Golding MA, Protudjer JLP. The economic burden of food allergy: what we know and what we need to learn.Curr Treat Options Allergy. 2022;9:169–86. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Bogas G, Gomez F, Campo P, Salas M, Doña I, Barrionuevo E, et al. Apple, strawberry, hazelnut and tomato tolerance after one year of sublingual immunotherapy with LTP (Pru p 3) in patients with LTP-syndrome. EACCI: 4th Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting; 2016 Oct 13–15; Rome, Italy.
Fernández-Rivas M, Garrido Fernández S, Nadal JA, Díaz de Durana MD, García BE, González-Mancebo E, et al. Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sublingual immunotherapy with a Pru p 3 quantified peach extract.Allergy. 2009;64:876–83. [DOI] [PubMed]
García BE, González-Mancebo E, Barber D, Martín S, Tabar AI, Díaz de Durana AM, et al. Sublingual immunotherapy in peach allergy: monitoring molecular sensitizations and reactivity to apple fruit and Platanus pollen.J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010;20:514–20. [PubMed]
Palomares F, Gomez F, Bogas G, Campo P, Perkins JR, Diaz-Perales A, et al. Immunological changes induced in peach allergy patients with systemic reactions by Pru p 3 sublingual immunotherapy.Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018;62:1700669. [DOI] [PubMed]
Beitia JM, Vega Castro A, Cárdenas R, Peña-Arellano MI. Pru p 3 sublingual immunotherapy in patients with lipid transfer protein syndrome: is it worth?Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182:447–54. [DOI] [PubMed]
Letrán A, Espinazo M, Moreno F. Sublingual immunotherapy with quantified peach extract: an alternative treatment in legumes allergy.J Vaccines Vaccin. 2014;5:219. [DOI]
Navarro B, Alarcón E, Claver Á, Pascal M, Díaz-Perales A, Cisteró-Bahima A. Oral immunotherapy with peach juice in patients allergic to LTPs.Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2019;15:60. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
García-Gutiérrez I, Medellín DR, Noguerado-Mellado B, Lillo Ordoñez MC, Abreu MG, Nogales LJ, et al. Treatment with lipid transfer protein sublingual immunotherapy: slowing down new sensitizations.Asia Pac Allergy. 2021;11:e6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
de Luque Piñana V, Lopez Ruiz C, Gonzalez Montaño MD, de la Calle Toral A, Guardia Martínez P. Tolerance of administration of sublingual extract peach immunotherapy, compared with conventional regimen [abstract].Allergy. 2015;70:583.
Klimek L, Pfaar O. A comparison of immunotherapy delivery methods for allergen immunotherapy.Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013;9:465–74. [DOI] [PubMed]
Moingeon P. Adjuvants for allergy vaccines.Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012;8:1492–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Focke M, Swoboda I, Marth K, Valenta R. Developments in allergen-specific immunotherapy: from allergen extracts to allergy vaccines bypassing allergen-specific immunoglobulin E and T cell reactivity.Clin Exp Allergy. 2010;40:385–97. [DOI] [PubMed]
Jutel M, Van de Veen W, Agache I, Azkur KA, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and novel ways for vaccine development.Allergol Int. 2013;62:425–33. [DOI] [PubMed]
Scheurer S, Schülke S. Interaction of non-specific lipid-transfer proteins with plant-derived lipids and its impact on allergic sensitization.Front Immunol. 2018;9:1389. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Pereira C, Bartolomé B, Asturias JA, Ibarrola I, Tavares B, Loureiro G, et al. Specific sublingual immunotherapy with peach LTP (Pru p 3). One year treatment: a case report.Cases J. 2009;2:6553. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Silva MI, Paulino M, Costa C, Duarte FC, Barbosa MP, Santos MCP. Síndrome LTP: caracterização do perfil de sensibilização – método Alex Macroarray [abstract].Rev Port Imunoalergologia. 2019;27:9–10. Portuguese.