Table Info

Table 1.

MSC-based therapies in mouse models of AD

MSC source	AD model	Mouse strain	Route	Mechanisms of action	References
hBM-MSCs	Ovalbumin-induced AD	BALB/c or C3H/HeN	IV	Suppression of T cells function via NO and suppression of B-cell function via class switch recombination	[40]
hUCB-MSCs	Dermatophagoides farinae-induced AD	Nc/Nga	SC	Inhibition of mast cells degranulation through PGE2 and TGF-β1	[41]
hAD-MSCs	Dermatophagoides farinae-induced AD	Nc/Nga	IV	B-cell suppression via cyclooxygenase 2 regulation	[42]
hAD-MSCs	Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD	BALB/c	IV	Regulation of MIP-2 and miR-122a-SOCS1 expression, as well as Th1/Th2 responses	[43]
hSOD3-MSCs	Ovalbumin-induced AD	BALB/c	SC	Suppression of response elicited by keratinocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and T cells through multiple mechanisms	[44]
hUCB-MSCs	Dermatophagoides farinae-induced AD	Nc/Nga	SC	Pre-conditioning of MSC with mast cells granules optimizes suppression of mast and B cells	[45]
hUCB-MSCs	Dermatophagoides farinae-induced AD	BALB/c	SC	Control of both eosinophil-associated Th2 immunity and neutrophil-related Th17	[46]
Primed T-MSCs	DNFB-induced AD	C57BL/6J	SC	Regulation of B cell-mediated inflammatory responses, which are dependent on CD40 expression on primed T-MSCs mediated through the non-canonical NF-κB pathway	[47]
HA-SH/hAD-MSCs (3D-Hydrogel)	1-chloro-DNCB-induced AD	BALB/c	SC	Immunomodulatory action on immune cells via downregulation of major inflammatory cytokines (IL-13, CCL11, and CCL24), reduced epidermal thickness, and mast cell penetration	[48]
hAD-MFSCE	Dermatophagoides farinae-induced AD	NC/Nga	Topical	Decrease of IgE and inflammatory cytokines levels. Inhibition of epidermal thickness, mast cell infiltration, and expression of expression of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, activation-regulated chemokines	[49]
hAD-MSCs	Ovalbumin-induced AD	BALB/c	SC	Decrease of serum IgE levels, and mast cells infiltration skin lesions. Suppression of Th17 cells proliferation and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17A and RORγT) expression. Upregulation of PD-L1, TGF-β and PGE2 levels	[50]
hUCB-MSCs	1-chloro-DNCB-induced AD	BALB/c	SC + IV	Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory function resulting in amelioration of skin lesions, through inhibition of JAK-STAT pathway and different cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IgE) receptors	[51]

CCL11: eotaxin 1; CCL24: eotaxin 2; DNCB: 2,4-dinitrobenzene; DNFB: 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene; IL: interleukin; IV: intravenous; MIP-2: macrophage inflammatory protein 2; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; SC: subcutaneous; TGF-β1: transforming growth factor beta 1

Declarations

Author contributions

GTS: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. EAF and MM: Writing—original draft. KN: Writing—review & editing. SB: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This research was funded by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the National Research Foundation (NRF) [47904] of South Africa. The NRF and the South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology have provided bursaries to support students contributing to this work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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