Summary of the current biological treatment used and experimented in the giant cell arteritis treatment [17–20]
| Treatment | Target | Dose |
|---|---|---|
| Abatacept | CD80/CD86 | 10 mg/kg iv every two weeks for 8 weeks then monthly |
| Baricitinib | JAK1/JAK2 | 4 mg/day |
| Upadacitinib | JAK1 | 15 mg/day |
| Tocilizumab | IL-6R | 162 mg sc every 1-2 weeks or 6 mg/kg iv every four weeks |
| Mavrilimumab | GM-CSFRα | 150 mg sc every 2 weeks |
| Secukinumab | IL-17 | 300 mg weekly for 5 doses, then 300 mg every 4 weeks |
| Ustekinumab | IL-12/IL-23 p40 | 90 mg sc at baseline then in week 4, then every 8 weeks |
| Anakinra | IL-1Ra | 100 mg/day for induction, then 100 mg three times a week |
IL-6R: interleukin 6 receptor; GM-CSFRα: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor alpha; JAK: Janus kinase
