Table Info

Table 1.

Allergological investigations in patients 1 and 2

Studied parameters	Patient 1	Patient 2
Tryptase (µg·L^–1)
Tryptase during the crisis (time)	10.3 (0.5 h) 10.9 (2 h)	152 (12 h)
Tryptase basal	2.27 (24 h)	20.5 (24 h) 15.1 (several weeks later)
Prick test
Gelofusine^®	Negative up to 40 mg·mL^–1	Positive at 4 mg·mL^–1
Porcine gelatin (undiluted)	ND	Positive
Fish gelatin (undiluted)	Negative	ND
Intradermal test (IDT)
Gelofusine^®	Positive at 40 mg·mL^–1 (4–9/10)*	Positive at 0.04 mg·mL^–1 (4–8/20)*
Cetuximab	Negative up to 0.5 mg·mL^–1	ND
IgE (ImmunoCap^® Phadia) kUA/L
Bovine gelatin	< 0.10	> 100
Bovine α-Gal thyroglobulin	< 0.10	0.39
Pork	0.20	< 0.10
Beef	0.59	0.23
BAT (Flow Cast, Bühlmann)
Gelofusine^®	Positive	Positive
α-Gal	Negative	Negative
Cetuximab	ND	Negative
Beef meat	ND	Negative

ND: not done; BAT: basophil activation tests; α-Gal: galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose *: a–b/c (a: initial diameter of the IDT papule; b: diameter of the IDT papule after 20 min; c: diameter of the IDT erythema after 20 min)

Supplementary materials

The supplementary figures for this article are available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/100970_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Author contributions

LG and MM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Data curation, Writing—review & editing, Writing —original draft. CB, VL, DBM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Data curation, Writing—review & editing. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethics approval from our institution (Angers University Hospital) was not required for a study of this type.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Datasets are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

Publisher’s note

Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.

References

Ebo DG, Faber M, Sabato V, Leysen J, Gadisseur A, Bridts CH, et al. Sensitization to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal): experience in a Flemish case series. Acta Clin Belg. 2013;68:206–9. [DOI] [PubMed]

Mullins RJ, James H, Platts-Mills TAE, Commins S. Relationship between red meat allergy and sensitization to gelatin and galactose-α-1,3-galactose. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129:1334–42.e1. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Mehlich J, Fischer J, Hilger C, Swiontek K, Morisset M, Codreanu-Morel F, et al. The basophil activation test differentiates between patients with alpha-gal syndrome and asymptomatic alpha-gal sensitization. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;143:182–9. [DOI] [PubMed]

Nucera E, Colagiovanni A, Mezzacappa S, Buonomo A, Aruanno A, Rizzi A, et al. Anaphylaxis by antihistamine containing bovine gelatin: the utility of the basophil activation test in the diagnostic work-up. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2017;34:279–80. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Tacquard C, Serrier J, Viville S, Chiriac A, Franchina S, Gouel-Cheron A, et al. Epidemiology of perioperative anaphylaxis in France in 2017-2018: the 11th GERAP survey. Br J Anaesth. 2024;132:1230–7. [DOI] [PubMed]

Fujimoto W, Fukuda M, Yokooji T, Yamamoto T, Tanaka A, Matsuo H. Anaphylaxis provoked by ingestion of hydrolyzed fish collagen probably induced by epicutaneous sensitization. Allergol Int. 2016;65:474–6. [DOI] [PubMed]

Molina-Molina GJ, Carrasco-González MD, Viñas-Giménez L, Sanz-Martínez M, Galván-Blasco P, Luengo O, et al. Fatal Anaphylactic Shock Induced by Intravenous Gelatin Colloid: A Postmortem Allergological Work-up. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2020;30:143–5. [DOI] [PubMed]

Retterer MKC, Workman LJ, Bacon JR, Platts-Mills TAE. Specific IgE to gelatin as a cause of anaphylaxis to zoster vaccine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141:1956–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]

Rauschenberg R, Beissert S, Bauer A, Spornraft-Ragaller P. Intraoperative anaphylactic reaction IV° to gelatin. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2014;12:617–8. [DOI] [PubMed]

10.

Bradfisch F, Pietsch M, Forchhammer S, Strobl S, Stege HM, Pietsch R, et al. Case series of anaphylactic reactions after rabies vaccinations with gelatine sensitization. Allergo J Int. 2019;28:103–6. [DOI]

11.

Fischer J, Hebsaker J, Caponetto P, Platts-Mills TAE, Biedermann T. Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose sensitization is a prerequisite for pork-kidney allergy and cofactor-related mammalian meat anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134:755–9.e1. [DOI] [PubMed]

12.

Sakaguchi M, Nakayama T, Inouye S. Food allergy to gelatin in children with systemic immediate-type reactions, including anaphylaxis, to vaccines. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;98:1058–61. [DOI] [PubMed]

13.

Bogdanovic J, Halsey NA, Wood RA, Hamilton RG. Bovine and porcine gelatin sensitivity in children sensitized to milk and meat. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124:1108–10. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]