Table Info

Table 2.

Characteristics of legume proteins as wall materials for the encapsulation of fat-soluble vitamins

Wall material	Core material	Encapsulation technique	Main findings	Encapsulation efficiency	Reference
PPC	Vitamin D	Nano-emulsion	PPC used as a surfactant improved vitamin absorption	94–96%	[42, 45]
PPI	Vitamin E (tocopherol)	Emulsions	Higher stability of PPI emulsions when compared with SPI emulsions	NI	[46]
PPI	Vitamin D	Nano-emulsion created by ultrasound	PPI enhanced vitamin absorption	NI	[44]
SPI	Vitamin D	Microcapsules	Encapsulation has high vitamin retention and higher stability with respect to free vitamin D	> 82%	[43]
	Vitamin D	Nano-emulsions	Protect vitamin D from UV exposure	> 70%	[47]
	Vitamin E (tocopherol)	Microencapsulation by spray-drying	SPI was modified by acylation, leading to a higher retention efficiency of vitamin E compared to native protein	Native SPI: 80%; modified SPI: 95%	[40]
	Vitamin E (tocopherol)	Emulsions	Stable delivery system at low temperatures (4°C)	NI	[46]
	Vitamin E	Nano-emulsion	Stable delivery system	60–90% depending on pH	[41]
	Vitamin A (β-carotene)	Nanoparticles	Successfully managed to preserve β-carotene inside the protein aggregates	> 93%	[48]

PPC: pea protein concentrate; PPI: pea protein isolate; NI: not informed

Declarations

Author contributions

ADC and JNP: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing—original draft. MCP: Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing, Supervision. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

This work was financially supported by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica [PICT2019-877]; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [PIP202-1252]; and Universidad Nacional del La Plata [2020-A346]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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