The microscopic images were taken at the Institute of Polymer Science at the Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria. Our thanks go to Prof. Dr. Sabine Hild.
Paul S, Chakraborty S, Anand U, Dey S, Nandy S, Ghorai M, et al. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha): A comprehensive review on ethnopharmacology, pharmacotherapeutics, biomedicinal and toxicological aspects.Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;143:112175. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mirjalili MH, Moyano E, Bonfill M, Cusido RM, Palazon J. Steroidal lactones from Withania somnifera, an ancient plant for novel medicine.Molecules. 2009;14:2373–93. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kuboyama T, Tohda C, Komatsu K. Withanoside IV and its active metabolite, sominone, attenuate Aβ(25-35)-induced neurodegeneration.Eur J Neurosci. 2006;23:1417–26. [DOI] [PubMed]
Gafner S, Blumenthal M, Foster S, 2nd JHC, Khan IA, Upton R. Botanical Ingredient Forensics: Detection of Attempts to Deceive Commonly Used Analytical Methods for Authenticating Herbal Dietary and Food Ingredients and Supplements.J Nat Prod. 2023;86:460–472. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Sorng S, Balayssac S, Danoun S, Assemat G, Mirre A, Cristofoli V, et al. Quality assessment of Curcuma dietary supplements: Complementary data from LC-MS and 1H NMR.J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2022;212:114631. [DOI] [PubMed]
Trabert M, Seifert R. Critical analysis of ginkgo preparations: comparison of approved drugs and dietary supplements marketed in Germany.Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024;397:451–61. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Bonn-Miller MO, Loflin MJE, Thomas BF, Marcu JP, Hyke T, Vandrey R. Labeling Accuracy of Cannabidiol Extracts Sold Online.JAMA. 2017;318:1708–09. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ha JW, Yu JS, Lee BS, Kang D, Ahn M, Kim JK, et al. Structural Characterization of Withanolide Glycosides from the Roots of Withania somnifera and Their Potential Biological Activities.Plants (Basel). 2022;11:767. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ganzera M, Choudhary MI, Khan IA. Quantitative HPLC analysis of withanolides in Withania somnifera.Fitoterapia. 2003;74:68–76. [DOI] [PubMed]
Koshy R, Anand MS, Murali B, Brunelle SL. Determination of Withanolides in Withania somnifera by Liquid Chromatography: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.17.J AOAC Int. 2016;99:1444–58. [DOI] [PubMed]
Chaurasiya ND, Uniyal GC, Lal P, Misra L, Sangwan NS, Tuli R, et al. Analysis of withanolides in root and leaf of Withania somnifera by HPLC with photodiode array and evaporative light scattering detection.Phytochem Anal. 2008;19:148–54. [DOI] [PubMed]
Girme A, Saste G, Pawar S, Balasubramaniam AK, Musande K, Darji B, et al. Investigating 11 Withanosides and Withanolides by UHPLC-PDA and Mass Fragmentation Studies from Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera).ACS Omega. 2020;5:27933–43. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Mahrous RSR, Fathy HM, El-Khair RMA, Omar AA. Validated thin-layer chromatographic method for the identification and monitoring of the effect of the extraction method on the yield and phytochemical constituents of Egyptian Withania somnifera leaves.J Sep Sci. 2018;41:518–24. [DOI] [PubMed]
Misra L, Mishra P, Pandey A, Sangwan RS, Sangwan NS, Tuli R. Withanolides from Withania somnifera roots.Phytochemistry. 2008;69:1000–4. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sangwan RS, Chaurasiya ND, Misra, Lal P, Uniyal GC, Sharma R, et al. Phytochemical variability in commercial herbal products and preparations of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). Current Science. 2004;86;461.
Najar AA, Yatoo MY, Wani AA, Aftab SS, Jahangir R, Farooq B. Adulteration in dietary supplements: HPTLC profiling of Withania somnifera and Terminalia bellirica.S Afr J Bot. 2024;170;220–8.
Calalb T, Ciorchina N, Cutcovschi-Mustuc A, Matveiciuc L. Macroscopically and Microscopically study of Ashwagandha Plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.J Bot. 2015;7:11–6.
Antony B, Benny M, Kuruvilla BT, Sebastian A, Pillai AAA, Joseph B, et al. Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of total withanolide glycosides and Withaferin A in Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha).Curr Chromatogr. 2020;7;106–20. [DOI]
Zeraik ML, Yariwake JH. Quantification of isoorientin and total flavonoids in Passiflora edulis fruit pulp by HPLC-UV/DAD.Microchem J. 2010;96:86–91. [DOI]
Kulevanova S, Stefova M, Panovska TK, Stafilov T. HPLC identification and determination of myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and total flavonoids in herbal drugs.Maced Pharm Bull. 2003;48:25–30.