TiO2 (food colorant E171) has been regulatory and used as colouring agent and flavour enhancer in food products. SAS (often referred to as SiO2) is typically used as anticaking agent to keep fluids in powder products and as carrier for flavours and fragrances in food. Ag NPs or nanosilver-coated polymers are widely applied in food packaging because of their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Fe2O3 is worldwide used as food additive for colouring in desserts, cakes, salmon, meat paste, etc.
Nanocomposites have outstanding gas-barrier properties (reducing the entry of O2 and other gases, thermal buffering, etc.) to modify plastic characteristics as active food packaging components. ZnO NPs are incorporated into food contact materials as UV-blocking and antimicrobial agents
NOMs such as nanoemulsions, nanomicelles, liposomes, etc.
Nutritional supplements
Optimal nanocarrier systems of hydrophobic substances for a higher and faster intestinal and dermal resorption and penetration of bioactive ingredients (Aquanova, NovaSOL®, Pharmanex®, NutraLease)
Nanoformulations with pesticides at nanoscale Nanoencapsulated nisin
Pesticides and biocides
Encapsulation of pesticides and biocides using NMs to improve their physic-chemical properties and to control their widespread use to ensure food safety. Nisin (E234) is the best-known bactericide so far, being used a preservative against food-borne pathogens
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Funding
The work is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) Grants [PID2019-104381GB-I00]; Regional Government of Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM) Grants [SBPLY/17/180501/000188].
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