Experimental details, detection, and analytical parameters of procedures included in this study
| Method | Extraction | Determination | LOD* | LOQ* | Accuracy (%) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0.5 g sample, 5 mL methanol MAE extraction.Extract evaporated in a rotary evaporator.Reconstituted in 10 mL ethyl acetate: n-hexane (1:1, v:v).GPC clean-up: ethyl acetate: n-hexane (1:1, v:v).SPE clean-up: eluted with 5 mL methanol: dichloromethane (1:1, v:v).Dried and reconstituted in 2 mL n-hexane. | HRGC-MS/MS | 0.2–1.4 | 0.7–4.5 | 94–105 | [17] |
| 2 | 1 g sample, 5 mL acetonitrile, LLE in vortex. The procedure was repeated 3 times. Supernatant vaporized and reconstituted in 1 mL acetonitrile.Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles: 1.35 g FeCl3·6H2O, 3.85 g NH4OAc, 0.48 g sodium, 70 mL ethylene glycol. Stirring for 1 h. Heated at 200°C for 16 h. Cooling to room temperature, rinsed with deionized water, and dried at 60°C.MSPE procedure: 10 mL of sample solution extracted with magnetic nanoparticles in vortex 20 min. Eluted with 1 mL acetonitrile. | LC-DAD | 0.5–0.9 | 1.8–3.1 | 80–103 | [18] |
| 3 | Nanocomposite preparation: 100 mg graphene, 15 mg PVC, 10 mL THF.10 mL sample was exposed to the nanocomposite fiber, rinsed, and desorbed in the HS system. | GC-FID | 0.1–0.2 | 0.3–0.6 | 87–112 | [19] |
| 4 | 1 mL sample, 6 mL acetonitrile, LLE performed in the vortex.DSPE extraction was performed with the supernatant 400 mg C18, and 400 mg PSA.Evaporation at 40°C until 0.5 mL volume. | GC-MS | - | - | - | [20] |
| 5 | LLE: 2 g sample, 10 mL n-hexane saturated in acetonitrile. Vortex 2 min, ultrasound bath 50°C for 20 min.Freezer –20°C for 8 h, centrifugation, obtention of supernatant.DSPE clean up: supernatant, 250 mg C18-Z-Sep+, vortex for 2 min. | GC-MS | 0.5 | 2 | 77–111 | [21] |
| 6 | Synthesis of AuNs particles: 10 μL of chloroauric acid solution, 500 μL of AuNPs solution, 220 μL of 1% sodium citrate solution, 4 mL of 30 mM hydroquinone solution, 100 mL of deionized water. Stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Centrifuged at 8,000 rpm for 20 min. The supernatant was discarded, and the remaining solution was stored at 4°C until use.500 µL of sample and 500 µL AuNSs were added to 5 mL beaker, mixed, sonicated, and shaken for 10 min; 10 µL solution was dropped onto the silicon wafer and dried at room temperature for SERS measurements. | SERS | 0.7 | 2 | - | [22] |
HRGC-MS: high-resolution gas chromatography mass detection; DSPE: dispersive solid phase extraction; GC-FID: GC flame ionization detection; GPC: gel permeation chromatography; HS: headspace; LC-DAD: liquid chromatography diode-array detector; LLE: liquid-liquid extraction; MAE: microwave-assisted extraction; MSPE: magnetic SPE; SERS: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy; PVC: polyvinyl chloride; THF: tetrahydrofuran; PSA: primary secondary amine; LOD: Limit of detection, LOQ: limit of quantification; *: expressed as µg Kg-1
