Table Info

Interfering substances	Current (µA)	Relative error (%)
Na⁺	1.21	–3.96
Cl^–	1.25	–0.78
K⁺	1.24	–1.58
Ba²⁺	1.19	–3.45
Mn²⁺	1.31	+3.96
Zn²⁺	1.32	+4.76
Ascorbic acid	1.27	+0.79
Glucose	1.21	–3.90

Declarations

Author contributions

MD: Conceptualization, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Investigation, Supervision. NKB: Investigation, Validation, Writing—review & editing. BS: Investigation. MT and SAO: Writing—review & editing. All authors read and approved the submitted version.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare have no conflict of interest in financial, personal, or other relationships with other people, laboratories, or organizations.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

References

Xue Z, Fu X, Rao H, Zhou X, Liu X, Lu X. A new electron transfer mediator actuated non-enzymatic nitrite sensor based on the voltammetry synthetic composites of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol nanostructures coated electrochemical reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Electrochim Acta. 2018;260:623–9. [DOI]

Ahmad R, Mahmoudi T, Ahn M, Yoo J, Hahn Y. Fabrication of sensitive non-enzymatic nitrite sensor using silver-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2018;516:67–75. [DOI] [PubMed]

Mounesh, Reddy KRV. Sensitive and reliable electrochemical detection of nitrite and H₂O₂ embellish-CoPc coupled with appliance of composite MWCNTs. Anal Chim Acta. 2020;1108:98–107. [DOI] [PubMed]

Filik H, Giray D, Ceylan B, Apak R. A novel fiber optic spectrophotometric determination of nitrite using Safranin O and cloud point extraction. Talanta. 2011;85:1818–24. [DOI] [PubMed]

Shah I, Petroczi A, James RA, Naughton DP. Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite Content of Dietary Supplements Using Ion Chromatography. J Anal Bioanal Tech. 2013;S12:003. [DOI]

Tian YS, Li XH, Zhang DF, Lu L, Xu YG, An CW. A Novel Method for the Polarographic Determination of Trace Nitrite in Water. Russ J Electrochem. 2022;58:32–42. [DOI]

Farsang R, Kovacs Z, Jarvas G, Guttman A. Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Trace Amounts of Nitrate and Nitrite in Environmental Water Samples. Separations. 2022;9:333. [DOI]

Hallaj R, Salimi A, Kavosi B, Mansouri G. Highly sensitive and ultra-selective amperometric nitrite sensor using cyclometalated Rh(III)-complex/CNTs modified glassy carbon electrode integrated with flow injection analysis. Sens Actuators B: Chem. 2016;233:107–19. [DOI]

Ghanei-Motlagh M, Taher MA. A novel electrochemical sensor based on silver/halloysite nanotube/molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite for efficient nitrite sensing. Biosens Bioelectron. 2018;109:279–85. [DOI] [PubMed]

10.

Zhang D, Fang Y, Miao Z, Ma M, Du X, Takahashi S, et al. Direct electrodeposion of reduced graphene oxide and dendritic copper nanoclusters on glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical detection of nitrite. Electrochim Acta. 2013;107:656–63. [DOI]

11.

Hu J, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Liu J, Shi J, Li G, et al. Synthesis and electrochemical properties of rGO-MoS₂ heterostructures for highly sensitive nitrite detection. Ionics. 2018;24:577–87. [DOI]

12.

Zhang Y, Nie J, Wei H, Xu H, Wang Q, Cong Y, et al. Electrochemical detection of nitrite ions using Ag/Cu/MWNT nanoclusters electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode. Sens Actuators B: Chem. 2018;258:1107–16. [DOI]

13.

Liu L, Cui H, An H, Zhai J, Pan Y. Electrochemical detection of aqueous nitrite based on poly(aniline-co-o-aminophenol)-modified glassy carbon electrode. Ionics. 2017;23:1517–23. [DOI]

14.

Rajalakshmi K, John SA. Highly sensitive determination of nitrite using FMWCNTs-conducting polymer composite modified electrode. Sens Actuators B: Chem. 2015;215:119–24. [DOI]

15.

Zhang S, Li B, Sheng Q, Zheng J. Electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of nitrite based on the CuS–MWCNT nanocomposites. J Electroanal Chem. 2016;769:118–23. [DOI]

16.

Cheraghi S, Taher MA, Fazelirad H. Voltammetric determination of silver with a new multi-walled carbon nanotube modified paste electrode. Russ J Electrochem. 2015;51:271–7. [DOI]

17.

Ghalkhani M, Shahrokhian S, Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh F. Voltammetric studies of sumatriptan on the surface of pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles. Talanta. 2009;80:31–8. [DOI] [PubMed]

18.

Frueh J, Nakashima N, He Q, Möhwald H. Effect of linear elongation on carbon nanotube and polyelectrolyte structures in PDMS-supported nanocomposite LbL films. J Phys Chem B. 2012;116:12257–62. [DOI] [PubMed]

19.

Decher G, Hong JD. Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process, 1 consecutive adsorption of anionic and cationic bipolar amphiphiles on charged surfaces. Makromol Chem. Macromol Symp. 1991;46:321–7. [DOI]

20.

Trojanowicz M. Analytical applications of carbon nanotubes: a review. TrAC Trends Anal Chem. 2006;25:480–9. [DOI]

21.

Bard AJ, Faulkner LR. Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 2001. p. 231.

22.

Zhao YD, Zhang WD, Luo QM, Li SFY. The oxidation and reduction behavior of nitrite at carbon nanotube powder microelectrodes. Microchem J. 2003;75:189–98. [DOI]

23.

Tehrani RMA, Ghadimi H, Ab Ghani S. Electrochemical studies of two diphenols isomers at graphene nanosheet–poly(4-vinyl pyridine) composite modified electrode. Sens Actuators B: Chem. 2013;177:612–9. [DOI]

24.

Qu Q, Chen Z, Sun GT, Qiu L, Zhu MQ. CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles as a bifunctional agent on activated porous carbon for battery-type asymmetrical supercapacitor. Chem Synth. 2024;4:26. [DOI]

25.

Srinivas K, Yu H, Chen Z, Chen A, Zhu M, Chen Y, et al. Densely accessible Fe/Co–N_x dual-atom site coupled core–shell Co₃Fe₇@C as an efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries. J Mater Chem A. 2024;12:16863–76. [DOI]

26.

Dong YP, Zhou Y, Ding Y, Chu XF, Wang CM. Sensitive detection of Pb(ii) at gold nanoparticle/polyaniline/graphene modified electrode using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Anal Methods. 2014;6:9367–74. [DOI]

27.

Huang Y, Shih H, Mansfeld F. Concerning the use of constant phase elements (CPEs) in the analysis of impedance data. Mater Corros. 2010;61:302–5. [DOI]

28.

Hammam E. Determination of nitrofurantoin drug in pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids by square-wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2002;30:651–9. [DOI] [PubMed]

29.

Ensafi AA, Karimi-Maleh H. Modified multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode as a sensor for simultaneous determination of 6-thioguanine and folic acid using ferrocenedicarboxylic acid as a mediator. J Electronal Chem. 2010;640:75–83. [DOI]

30.

Wang G, Han R, Feng X, Li Y, Lin J, Luo X. A glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with nano-sized hydroxyapatite for amperometric determination of nitrite. Microchim Acta. 2017;184:1721–7. [DOI]

31.

Wang H, Chen P, Wen F, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Flower-like Fe₂O₃@MoS₂ nanocomposite decorated glassy carbon electrode for the determination of nitrite. Sens Actuators B: Chem. 2015;220:749–54. [DOI]

32.

Xiao Q, Feng M, Liu Y, Lu S, He Y, Huang S. The graphene/polypyrrole/chitosan-modified glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical nitrite detection. Ionics. 2018;24:845–59. [DOI]

33.

Norouzi B, Rajabi M. Fabrication of poly(4-aminobenzoic acid/o-toluidine) modified carbon paste electrode and its electrocatalytic property to the oxidation of nitrite. J Anal Chem. 2017;72:897–903. [DOI]

34.

Jiang LY, Wang RX, Li XM, Jiang LP, Lu GH. Electrochemical oxidation behavior of nitrite on a chitosan-carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotube modified electrode. Electrochem Commun. 2005;7:597–601. [DOI]

35.

Etesami M, Chandran Nurul SNMS, Hussin MH, Ripin A, Adnan R, Sujari ANA, et al. Electrooxidation of Nitrite Ions on Gold/Polyaniline/Carbon Paste Electrode. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2016;11:8332–45. [DOI]

36.

Jeena SE, Gnanaprakasam P, Dakshinamurthy A, Selvaraju T. Tuning the direct growth of Ag_seeds into bimetallic Ag@Cu nanorods on surface functionalized electrochemically reduced graphene oxide: enhanced nitrite detection. RSC Adv. 2015;5:48236–45. [DOI]

37.

Yadav SK, Agrawal B, Goyal RN. AuNPs-poly-DAN modified pyrolytic graphite sensor for the determination of Cefpodoxime Proxetil in biological fluids. Talanta. 2013;108:30–7. [DOI] [PubMed]

38.

Aboul-Enein, H.Y. Sibel A. Ozkan: Electroanalytical Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis and Their Validation. Chromatographia 75, 811 (2012). [DOI]

39.

Zhe T, Li R, Wang Q, Shi D, Li F, Liu Y, et al. In situ preparation of FeSe nanorods-functionalized carbon cloth for efficient and stable electrochemical detection of nitrite. Sens Actuators B: Chem. 2020;321:128452. [DOI]