Some selected examples of the analytical characterization and determination of NMs in the food field according to the technique involved
Type of information provided | More common analytical techniques (*) | Selected applications (references) |
---|---|---|
Size distribution, shape, aggregation state, surface | SEM, TEM, AFM, STEM, DLS, ICP-MS, HPLC, CE, FFF, SEC | [11–14] |
Hydrodynamic diameter, surface charge, zeta potential | DLS | [11, 12, 14] |
Structural characterization | RS, LIF, UV-vis, IR, FTIR, XRF, XPS, NMR, MS | [15–22] |
Quantification | ICP-MS, sp-ICP-MS, SEC, HDC, FFF | [8, 23–28] |
(*) SEM: scanning electron microscopy; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; AFM: atomic force microscopy; STEM: scanning TEM; DLS: dynamic light scattering; ICP-MS: inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; CE: capillary electrophoresis; FFF: field flow fractionation; SEC: size exclusion chromatography; RS: Raman spectroscopy; LIF: laser-induced fluorescence; UV-vis: ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; IR: infrared spectroscopy; FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; XRD: X-ray diffraction; XRF: X-ray fluorescence; XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; MS: mass spectrometry; sp-ICP-MS: single particle ICP-MS; HDC: hydrodynamic chromatography
EI and AC: Supervision (coordinated this work), Writing—original draft and Writing—review & editing (elaborated a first scheme, wrote the Introduction and revised the different contributions). CB, MF, and DKR: Writing—review & editing (revised the first and the final drafts of this work and proof-reading). F Capozzi: Writing—original draft (wrote section Foodomics and NMR spectroscopy to better define food matrix impact on the bioaccessibility of nutrients and bioactive compounds). YC: Writing—original draft (wrote section Analytical nanotechnology and nanoscience in food science). F Coppola and FN: Writing—original draft (wrote section Antibiofilm capacity of natural compounds). SF: Writing—original draft (wrote section The use of nano-liquid chromatography in food analysis). SRSF and JAM: Writing—original draft (wrote section Green extraction techniques and encapsulation strategies of bioactive compounds from food by-products). MG: Writing—original draft (wrote section Novel processing technologies). RG: Writing—original draft (wrote section Smart packaging and the potential effects of the introduction of recycled plastics in food packaging). MH, JR, and JSC: Writing—original draft (wrote section Bioactive compounds and their bioaccessibility and bioavailability). XL and CK: Writing—original draft (wrote section Microplastics and nanoplastics: analysis of their impact on food production and quality). LM and YP: Writing—original draft (wrote section Determination of organic contaminants in food safety and authenticity based on target and non-target MS and NMR methodologies). PML: Writing—original draft (wrote section Biosensors for food authenticity assessment). DDN and CP: Writing—original draft (wrote section New trends in foodomics for food authentication). JOV: Writing—original draft (wrote section Interaction of the secondary metabolites with macromolecules in fruit and vegetable processing). LR: Writing—original draft (wrote section A perspective from Europe about One-Health: biodiversity, nutrition and human health and A perspective from Latin America about One-Health: biodiversity, nutrition and human health). ÁR: Writing—original draft (wrote section Analytical nanometrology in food science). ASS: Writing—original draft (wrote section Contamination of foods with plant toxins). CSB and JSR: Writing—original draft (wrote section New trends and challenges in the interaction of nutraceuticals with biological systems and last advances in our understanding of the mechanisms behind their health benefits). IVM: Writing—original draft (wrote section Effect of food processing on the food microbiota). ZZ: Writing—original draft (wrote section A perspective from China about One-Health: biodiversity, nutrition and human health). All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Elena Ibáñez and Alejandro Cifuentes are the Editors-in-Chief of Exploration of Foods and Foodomics (EFF). The other authors are Editorial Board Members of EFF. All the authors were not involved in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript.
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José S. Câmara was supported by FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the CQM Base Fund, [UIDB/00674/2020], Programmatic Fund, [UIDP/00674/2020], and by ARDITI-Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação, through the project M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005—Centro de Química da Madeira—CQM+ (Madeira 14-20 Program). Xianhua Liu was supported by the grant from the NSFC [#42377380] on data collection and analysis. Ángel Rios thanks for the support given by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant number [PID2022-138761NB-I00], and by Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha grant number [JCCM SBPLY/21/180501/000188]. Paula Martins-Lopes thanks to FCT- BioISI center grants (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/04046/2020). Francesco Capozzi thanks the support from the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3 - Call for tender No. 341 of March 15, 2022, of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union—NextGenerationEU; Award Number: Project code [PE00000003], Concession Decree No. 1550 of October 11, 2022, adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, [CUP D93C22000890001], Project title “ON Foods - Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability, Safety and Security – Working ON Foods”. Ana Sanches Silva was supported by [UIDB/00211/2020] with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Luca Rastrelli was supported by the following project: “National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC” funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4 - Call for tender No. 3138 of December 16, 2021, rectified by Decree n.3175 of December 18, 2021, of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU, Project code [CN_00000033], Concession Decree No. 1034 of June 17, 2022, adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, [CUP D43C22001260001]. Ivone Vaz-Moreira was also supported by funding from the National Funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through project [UIDB/50016/2020]. Yolanda Picó was supported by Grant [RTI2018-097158-B-C31] funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” and by the Grant [CIPROM/2021/032] by the Generalitat Valenciana. Filomena Nazzaro thanks the support from: 1) the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 3.1 “STRENGTHENING THE MIRRI ITALIAN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE BIOSCIENCE AND BIOECONOMY” – (SUS-MIRRI.IT) supported by the Italian Ministry of University, Project code [IR0000005 – SUS-MIRRI – D.D n. 3264 del 28/12/2021 - DD MUR n. 114 del 21/06/2022 - CUP CNR D13C22001390001], and 2): the National Recovery and Resilience Plan Project “National Research Centre for Agricultural Technologies, Agritech”, Spoke 8 “New models of circular economy in agriculture through the valorization and recycle of wastes” [CUP B83C22002840001], supported by the Italian Ministry of University. Dilip K. Rai was supported by the Irish Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine under the grant [DAFM2021R616] (Flavoromics of Grass-Fed Beef and Lamb). Alejandro Cifuentes, Elena Ibañez, Jose Antonio Mendiola and Miguel Herrero were supported by grant [PID2020-113050RB-I00] funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Spain). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
© The Author(s) 2024.