Analytical characteristics of recent work involving SPE extraction and LC-MS techniques for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in surface waters

Samples matrixCompoundsSample pretreatmentSPELC-MS tecnhniqueRecovery (%)LODsLOQs LinearityReferences
CartridgeConditioningElution
Seawater25 PhACspH 3 (HCl)Oasis HLB (200 mg, 6 mL)5 mL MeOH
5 mL H2O LC-MS		2 × 5 mL MeOHUHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS61.6–118.80.3–9.8 ng L–11.2–26.4 ng L–10.9907This study
Lake water13 PPCPspH 3 (HCl)Oasis HLB (500 mg, 6 mL)5 mL MeOH
5 mL H2O LC-MS		MeOHUHPLC-QqQ/MS79.4–115.5-0.04–4 ng L–1-[11]
Surface water168 PhACspH 3 (HCl)
pH 7 (HCl or NH4OH)		Oasis HLB (200 mg, 6 mL)2 × 3 mL MeOH
2 × 3 mL H2O (pH 3)		2 × 2 mL MeOHLC-MS/MS77–117< 0.3 ng L–1< 0.1 ng L–10.9900[52]
River water67 PhACs-Oasis HLB (200 mg, 6 mL)3 mL MeOH
3 mL H2O		2 × 5 mL MeOHLC-Orbitrap-MS---0.9900[10]
River water33 PPCPspH 7Strata-X (200 mg, 6 mL)4 mL MeOH
4 mL H2O		4 mL MeOHLC-MS/MS47.9–1141.3–7 ng L–14–200 ng L–1-[18]
Surface water31 ECspH 3Chromabond HR-X (500 mg, 6 mL)6 mL MeOH
6 mL H2O LC-MS		2 × 5 mL MeOHHPLC-MS/MS97.1–105.00.005–2.5 ng L–10.01–5.0 ng L–10.9954[88]
Surface water122 PhACspH 6–6.2Oasis WAX/Oasis HLB/Sep-Pak Plus AC26–10 mL MeOH
6–10 mL H2O ultrapure		Different for each cartridgeUPLC-ESI-TQD-MS/MS50–1500.0003–1.757 ng L–10.010–5.9102 ng L–1> 0.9950[43]
River water35 PhACs-Oasis HLB6 mL MeOH
6 mL H2O HPLC		6 mL MeOHHPLC-ESI-MS/MS3–1230.2–9.4 ng L–10.5–33 ng L–1> 0.9811[14]
Surface water29 PhACs-Oasis HLB (200 mg, 6 mL)4 mL MeOH
6 mL H2O LC-MS		6 mL 1% NH4OH in MeOHUHPLC-HRMS62.98–105.740.01–2.5 ng L–10.03–8.33 ng L–10.9717[71]
River water67 PhACspH 3 (CH3COOH)Strata-X (200 mg, 6 mL)6 mL MeOH
6 mL H2O LC-MS		6 mL MeOHLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS85–1150.4–10 ng L–11.5–55 ng L–10.9900[87]

ECs: emerging contaminants; ESI: Electrospray Ionization; LODs: limits of detection; LOQ: limits of quantification; PhACs: pharmaceutically active compounds; PPCPs: personal care products; SPE: solid phase extraction