Table Info

Table 2.

Bioaccumulation of pollutants from human sources in bivalve molluscs, type of pollutant, evaluated species, collection place, and calculated biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) (when possible) in the period 2019–2024

Type	Pollutant	Evaluated species (sample size)	Location	BA (ng g⁻¹ dw)	BSAF	BCF	Ref.
Pesticides	alpha–BHC	Mytilus edulis (16 mussels)	Martray, France	0.31^a	–	–	[11]
			Charente, France	0.26^a	–	–
			Seudre, France	0.24^a	–	–
		Magallana gigas (21 oysters)	Martray, France	0.6^a	–	–
			Charente, France	0.62^a	–	–
			Seudre, France	0.72^a	–	–
	Atrazine	Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)	Ebro Delta, Spain	2.64	–	–	[39]
	Metolachlor	Crassostrea gigas (N.I.N^b of oysters)		1.15	–	–
Herbicides	Bentazone	Crassostrea gigas (N.I.N^b of oysters)		1.56 (control June)	–	–
				0.14 (dead June)	–	–
				0.61 (control Nov)	–	–
				1.24 8 (dead Oct)	–	–
		Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)		0.35 (control Dec)	–	–
		Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)		5.11 (dead sept)	–	–
Insecticides	Acetamiprid	Crassostrea gigas (N.I.N^b of oysters)		3.68 (control May)	–	–
				6.71 (dead May)	–	–
				9.51 (control June)	–	–
		Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)		3.5 (dead Sept)	–	–
Hormones	Testosterone	Dreissena bugensis (30 mussels)	Lake Mead Marina, NV, USA	6.3	–	–	[40]
			Boulder Island, NV, USA	12	–	–
			Las Vegas Bay, NV, USA	20	–	–
EDCs	BPA	Mytilus galloprovincialis (N.I.N^b of mussels in Naples Bay and 20 mussels in Slovenian Sea)	Naples Bay (area A), Italy	50	–	–	[41]
			Naples Bay (area B), Italy	100	–	–	[41]
			Slovenian sea	0.18	–	58	[42]
		Arca noae (15 mussels)	Cabrera Marine Protected Area, Balearic Island, Spain	0.29^a	–	–	[43]
		Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)	Ebro delta, Spain	4277.4	–	–	[39]
		Dreissena bugensis (30 mussels)	Lake Mead Marina, NV, USA	47	–	39.2	[40]
		Saccostrea sp. (> 30 ostreidae)	Bandar Abbas Coast, Persian Gulf	340.16	0.43	–	[44]
		Rangia cuneata (96 clams)	Vistula Lagoon (Southern Baltic Sea)	46–288	8.68–53.33	0.13–1.64	[46]
	BPF	Arca noae (15 mussels)	Cabrera Marine Protected Area, Balearic Island, Spain	0.29^a	–	–	[43]
	BPS	Arca noae (15 mussels)	Cabrera Marine Protected Area, Balearic Island, Spain	0.25^a	–	–	[43]
	4-t-OP	Rangia cuneata (15 clams)	Vistula Lagoon (Southern Baltic Sea)	40–111	100–185	5.13–13.54	[46]
	4-NP	Rangia cuneata (15 clams)	Vistula Lagoon (Southern Baltic Sea)	172–528	156.36–352	7.48–20.30	[46]
	1H–Benzotriazole	Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)	Ebro Delta, Spain	2.43 (dead Sept)	–	–	[41]
	Caffeine	Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)		99.85 (dead Sept)	–	–
	Ethylparaben	Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)		3.56 (control Dec)	–	–
	Methylparaben	Crassostrea gigas (N.I.N^b of oysters)		1.10 (control Nov)	–	–
		Crassostrea gigas (N.I.N^b of oysters)		0.29 (dead Oct)	–	–
		Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)		6.69 (control Dec)	–	–
	Propylparaben	Cerastoderma edule (N.I.N^b of cockles)		0.56 (control Dec)	–	–
Phthalates	DEP	Mytilus galloprovincialis (15 mussels)	Port d’Andratx, Mallorca, Spain	1.8	–	–	[43]
	DEP	Arca noae (15 mussels)	Cabrera Marine Protected Area, Balearic Island, Spain	0.54^a	–	–
	DEHP			2.58^a	–	–
	DBP			0.78^a	–	–
PPCPs	Triclosan	Dreissena bugensis (30 mussels)	Boulder Island, NV, USA	24	–	–	[40]
PPCPs	Triclosan	Dreissena bugensis (30 mussels)	Las Vegas Bay, NV, USA	28	–	4.6	[40]
PAHs	Naphtalene	Saccostrea sp. (Ostreidae)^1,2,Circenita callipyga (Veneridae)¹, Barbatia helblingii (Arcidae)¹, Solen brevis (Solenidae)², Amiantis umbonella (Veneridae)², Telescopium telescopium (Potamididae)² (> 30 individuals for each species)	Bandar Lengeh¹ and Bandar Abbas² Coast, Persian Gulf	2.6–5.10	0.60–1.50	–	[44]
	Acenaphtylene			0.30–3.20	0.50–0.56	–
	Acenaphthene			0.40–1.80	0.06–0.80	–
	Fluorene			1.00–1.60	0.20–1.70	–
	Phenanthrene			0.60–1.00	0.21–2.00	–
	Anthracene			ND–0.3	–	–
	Fluoranthene			0.30–1.40	0.18–0.60	–
	Pyrene			0.10–2.90	0.25–0.30	–
	Sum (∑) PAHs	Perna perna (N.I.N^b of mussels)	Santos Estuary, Brazil	96.94–988.76	–	–	[47]
	Sum (∑) PAHs	Crassostrea rhizophorae (N.I.N^b of oysters)	Santos Estuary, Brazil	88.38–138.62	–	–	[47]
Fluorochemicals	ΣPFASs	Crassostrea rhizophorae (14 oysters)	Subaé estuary, Brazil	0.28^a	–	–	[48]
Fluorochemicals	ΣPFASs	Mytilus edulis (N.I.N^b of mussels)	Korean coasts	1.55	5.34	0.72	[49]

EDCs: endocrine-disrupting chemicals; BA: bioaccumulation; ^a expressed per gram of wet weight; N.I.N^b: not indicated number; alpha–BHC: α-benzohexachloride; BPF: bisphenol F; BPS: bisphenol S; 4-t-OP: 4-tert-octylphenol; 4-NP: 4-nonylphenol; DEP: diethyl phthalate; DEHP: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; DBP: dibutyl phthalate; PPCPs: pharmaceuticals and personal care products; PAHs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; ¹ Bandar Lengeh; ² Bandar Abbas; ND: not detected

Declarations

Author contributions

COE: Investigation, Writing—original draft. ARC: Investigation, Writing—original draft. EJCC and MJLG: Writing—original draft, Conceptualization, Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish State Research Agency [AEI//10.13039/501100011033/], the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU), and the European Union (NextGenerationEU/PRTR) through the project [PID2021-125459OB-I00]. Also, MJ Lerma-García acknowledges the project [CIAICO/2022/183] funded by Generalitat Valenciana. E.J. Carrasco-Correa also acknowledges projects [PID2020-117686RB-C33] and [TED2021-131303B-I00] from AEI and MICIU and [CIGE/2023/069] from Generalitat Valenciana. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Copyright

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