Table Info

Table 2.

Heavy metal concentrations in the edible parts of vegetables (mg/kg)

Name of sample	Botanical name	Hausa name	Heavy metals
Name of sample	Botanical name	Hausa name	Cd	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
Tomato	Solanum lycopersicum	Tumatur	32.45 ± 0.34^de*	10.90 ± 1.49^b*	31.00 ± 0.29^c*	16.98 ± 0.45^d	2.22 ± 0.32^ab
Pepper	Capsicum annuum	Attarugu	33.50 ± 0.05^f*	10.40 ± 0.83^b*	30.33 ± 0.17^bc*	12.38 ± 0.18^b	1.77 ± 0.25^a
Onion	Allium cepa	Albasa	31.93 ± 0.22^d*	10.70 ± 0.97^b*	29.67 ± 0.17^bc*	10.60 ± 0.35^a	2.28 ± 0.54^ab
Carrot	Daucus carota	Karas	28.62 ± 0.44^bc*	6.02 ± 0.80^a*	29.17 ± 1.09^b*	21.22 ± 0.42^e	2.22 ± 0.38^ab
Spinach	Spinacia oleracea	Alayyaho	26.87 ± 0.09^a*	4.17 ± 1.14^a*	32.67 ± 0.44^d*	15.18 ± 0.10^c	3.42 ± 0.73^b
Lettuce	Lactuca sativa	Salad	32.98 ± 0.31^ef*	10.78 ± 1.02^b*	38.67 ± 0.44^e*	24.38 ± 0.71^f	2.22 ± 0.07^ab
Bell pepper	Capsicium cerasiforme	Tattase	28.92 ± 0.34^c*	5.93 ± 0.54^a*	27.00 ± 0.29^a*	17.48 ± 0.80^d	2.40 ± 0.48^ab
Cucumber	Cucumis sativus	Kokwanba	27.98 ± 0.32^b*	5.27 ± 0.70^a*	27.17 ± 0.44^a*	17.78 ± 0.25^d	2.67 ± 0.48^ab
Safe limits^#			0.20	0.30	2.30	40.00	60.00

^# Source: WHO (2019) [17]. Mean values with ^* are above WHO limits; mean followed with different letters across the column are significant at p < 0.05

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Department of Ecology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi for providing access to space and equipment.

Author contributions

UB: Conceptualization, Project administration, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. AA: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review & editing, Investigation. Both authors read and approved the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The raw data of this paper will be made available upon request from the corresponding author.

Funding

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