Table Info

Table 4.

Values of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI)

Name of sample	Categories	HQ					HI
Name of sample	Categories	Cd	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cumulative
Spinach	Adults Children	3.273 6.686	0.126 0.259	0.002 0.005	0.046 0.094	0.001 0.003	3.448 7.048
Cucumber	Adults Children	3.409 6.964	0.160 0.327	0.002 0.005	0.054 0.111	0.001 0.002	3.627 7.409
Carrot	Adults Children	3.486 7.122	0.183 0.374	0.002 0.005	0.065 0.132	0.001 0.002	3.738 7.635
Bell pepper	Adults Children	3.523 7.194	0.181 0.369	0.002 0.004	0.053 0.109	0.001 0.002	3.760 7.678
Onion	Adults Children	3.891 7.947	0.326 0.665	0.002 0.005	0.032 0.066	0.001 0.002	4.252 8.686
Tomato	Adults Children	3.953 8.076	0.332 0.678	0.003 0.005	0.052 0.106	0.001 0.002	4.341 8.867
Lettuce	Adults Children	4.018 8.209	0.328 0.670	0.003 0.006	0.074 0.152	0.001 0.002	4.425 9.040
Pepper	Adults Children	4.081 8.337	0.317 0.647	0.002 0.005	0.038 0.077	0.001 0.001	4.439 9.068

HQ and HI ≥ 1: potential health risk

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Department of Ecology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi for providing access to space and equipment.

Author contributions

UB: Conceptualization, Project administration, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft. AA: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review & editing, Investigation. Both authors read and approved the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The raw data of this paper will be made available upon request from the corresponding author.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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