Proximate composition of the GF oat-based breakfast wraps filled with beef (GF_W_B), chicken (GF_W_C), fish (GF_W_F), PWL (GF_W_PWL), and SWP (GF_W_SWP)
Proximate constituents (%)
GF_W_B
GF_W_C
GF_W_F
GF_W_PWL
GF_W_SWP
Moisture
17.90 ± 0.81c
16.78 ± 0.13d
15.01 ± 0.78e
22.18 ± 0.35a
20.62 ± 0.25b
Crude protein
25.37 ± 2.98c
35.60 ± 3.25a
28.06 ± 2.44b
23.82 ± 0.91d
23.78 ± 0.30e
Crude fiber
2.46 ± 0.54c
2.43 ± 0.12d
3.18 ± 0.37b
4.01 ± 0.44a
2.27 ± 0.24e
Crude fat
18.96 ± 0.57a
16.31 ± 0.23c
17.78 ± 0.22b
10.22 ± 0.64e
15.79 ± 0.27d
Ash
5.54 ± 0.13a
4.26 ± 0.12b
2.66 ± 0.68d
3.66 ± 0.34c
2.62 ± 0.25e
Carbohydrate
29.77 ± 2.13d
24.62 ± 2.87e
33.31 ± 4.49c
36.11 ± 1.13a
34.92 ± 0.96b
Energy (KJ)
408.8
387.67
405.5
331.7
376.91
Values are means ± standard deviation (SD) of three replicates. Mean values in the same row with different superscripts translate significant differences (P < 0.05) between samples. GF: gluten-free; PWL: palm weevil larvae; SWP: Mulberry Silkworm pupae
OA: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing—review & editing, Validation, Supervision. AF: Resources, Writing—review & editing, Validation, Supervision. TO: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. ET: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. TA: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. DA: Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Informed consent was obtained from participants to participate in the sensory evaluation of the wraps.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.
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