Predicted nutritional indices for GF oat-based wraps filled with beef (GF_W_B), chicken (GF_W_C), fish (GF_W_F), PWL (GF_W_PWL), and SWP (GF_W_SWP)
Predicted indices
GF_W_B
GF_W_C
GF_W_F
GF_W_PWL
GF_W_SWP
TEAA
34.01 ± 0.18b
30.18 ± 0.24d
28.63 ± 0.00e
35.61 ± 0.14a
32.44 ± 0.12c
TNEAA
46.84 ± 0.01b
40.17 ± 0.20d
37.28 ± 0.05e
49.35 ± 0.33a
43.01 ± 0.10c
TAA
80.85 ± 0.17b
70.37 ± 0.42d
65.91 ± 0.05e
84.50 ± 0.01a
75.45 ± 0.22c
TSAA
2.60 ± 0.05a
2.24 ± 0.01c
2.16 ± 0.03c
2.70 ± 0.06a
2.47 ± 0.02b
TEAA/TAA%
42.06 ± 0.13c
42.89 ± 0.09b
43.44 ± 0.03a
42.13 ± 0.15c
42.10 ± 0.04b
TAEAA
5.60 ± 0.09b
4.93 ± 0.04c
4.21 ±0.10 d
6.02 ± 0.10a
5.37 ± 0.04b
Values are means ± standard deviation (SD) of three replicates. Mean values in the same row with different superscript letters translate significant differences (P < 0.05) between protein filling samples. GF: gluten-free; PWL: palm weevil larvae; SWP: Mulberry Silkworm pupae; TEAA: total essential amino acids; TNEAA: total non-essential amino acids; TAA: total amino acids; TSAA: total sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine + methionine); TAEAA: total aromatic essential amino acids (phenylalanine + tryptophan) [41]
OA: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing—review & editing, Validation, Supervision. AF: Resources, Writing—review & editing, Validation, Supervision. TO: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. ET: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. TA: Investigation, Data curation, Writing—original draft. DA: Formal analysis, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Informed consent was obtained from participants to participate in the sensory evaluation of the wraps.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this manuscript will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher.
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