Identity of the crumb of white bread photographs taken under D65 light source (n = 10)
Space values
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
L*
76.6 ± 2.3
78.2 ± 2.1
78.1 ± 1.5
77.8 ± 1.2
78.5 ± 1.8
a*
–2.2 ± 0.2
–2.2 ± 0.4
–2.2 ± 0.5
–2.4 ± 0.4
–2.3 ± 0.5
b*
–11.2 ± 0.7
–9.7** ± 0.7
–10.6 ± 0.5
–10.7 ± 0.9
–10.8 ± 0.6
The values represent average ± standard deviation; **: significantly different (P < 0.05) by one-way-ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. L*: lightness; a*: green-red axis; b*: blue-yellow axis
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the staff of the Public Foundation of Elizabeth Arnold-Fujii for encouragement in this study.
The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
This experimental study was approved by the ethics review committee of the Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University (approval number: 2023001).
Consent to participate
The informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from the participants.
Consent to publication
The material for the eye in the Graphical abstract received publication consent from the individual and her guardian.
Availability of data and materials
Data will be made available on request.
Funding
This work was supported by the Public Foundation of Elizabeth Arnold-Fujii [grant numbers 29, 2023]. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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