Biomedical and health informatics (BMHI) roles [34]
BMHI roles
Description
BMHI user
Learners from non-BMHI disciplines in healthcare who utilize information systems for data management. Their education covers fundamental BMHI topics and should be integrated into various healthcare curricula. They need familiarity with computer systems, software, and information and communications technology. This can be achieved through mandatory BMHI subjects or by integrating BMHI aspects into existing courses.
BMHI generalist
Including learners from non-BMHI healthcare disciplines, focusing on intermediate-level education. They bridge information technology and healthcare, mastering skills such as eliciting clinical user needs, advising on system requirements, developing and implementing clinical information systems, and evaluating their effectiveness. They also gain knowledge of emerging technologies’ application in health services. This requires a mix of computer science, healthcare services, and BMHI subjects.
BMHI specialist
Postgraduate learners with advanced expertise in their chosen BMHI discipline. They develop new information processing methods, deliver training, and conduct research. Specialists often earn master’s or doctoral degrees in BMHI or complete dedicated postgraduate programs. They typically work in academia and pursue research careers.
Declarations
Acknowledgments
Disclaimer: Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Commission. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
Author contributions
JR: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. The author read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.
Funding
The work was supported by the Master of Managing Digital Transformation in the Health Sector (ManagiDiTH) Project funded by the European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HADEA) EU executive agency, under the powers delegated by the European Commission. The project number is [101083896]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Jayaraman PP, Forkan ARM, Morshed A, Haghighi PD, Kang YB. Healthcare 4.0: a review of frontiers in digital health.WIREs DMKD. 2020;10:e1350. [DOI]
Keesara S, Jonas A, Schulman K. Covid-19 and Health Care’s Digital Revolution.N Engl J Med. 2020;382:e82. [DOI] [PubMed]
Senbekov M, Saliev T, Bukeyeva Z, Almabayeva A, Zhanaliyeva M, Aitenova N, et al. The Recent Progress and Applications of Digital Technologies in Healthcare: A Review.Int J Telemed Appl. 2020;2020:8830200. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Sousa B, Arieiro M, Pereira V, Correia J, Lourenço N, Cruz T. ELEGANT: Security of critical infrastructures with digital twins.IEEE Access. 2021;9:107574–88. [DOI]
Herrmann M, Boehme P, Mondritzki T, Ehlers JP, Kavadias S, Truebel H. Digital Transformation and Disruption of the Health Care Sector: Internet-Based Observational Study.J Med Internet Res. 2018;20:e104. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Khan S, Kandukuri D, Subramaniyan E, MohanaSundaram A. Harnessing the untapped potential of digital twin technology in digital public health interventions.Explor Dig Health Technol. 2023;1:11–6. [DOI]
Grieves M. Product lifecycle management: the new paradigm for enterprises.Int J Prod Dev. 2005;2:71–4. [DOI]
Shen T, Li B. Digital twins in additive manufacturing: a state-of-the-art review.Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2024;131:63–92. [DOI]
Jia M, Komeily A, Wang Y, Srinivasan R. Adopting Internet of Things for the development of smart buildings: a review of enabling technologies and applications.Autom Constr. 2019;101:111–26. [DOI]
Bragatto T, Bucarelli MA, Carere F, Cresta M, Gatta FM, Geri A, et al. Near real-time analysis of active distribution networks in a Digital Twin framework: A real case study.SEGAN. 2023;35:101128. [DOI]
Ferrari R. Writing narrative style literature reviews.Med Writ. 2015;24:230–5. [DOI]
Sukhera J. Narrative Reviews: Flexible, Rigorous, and Practical.J Grad Med Educ. 2022;14:414–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
ManagiDiTH–Home [Internet].European Union; [cited 2024 June 24]. Available from: http://managidith.eu
Malmivaara A. Vision and strategy for healthcare: Competence is a necessity.J Rehabil Med. 2020;52:jrm00061. [DOI] [PubMed]
Jalali MS, Kaiser JP. Cybersecurity in Hospitals: A Systematic, Organizational Perspective.J Med Internet Res. 2018;20:e10059. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Huckvale K, Wang CJ, Majeed A, Car J. Digital health at fifteen: more human (more needed).BMC Med. 2019;17:62. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Wyatt D, Lampon S, McKevitt C. Delivering healthcare’s ‘triple aim’: electronic health records and the health research participant in the UK National Health Service.Sociol Health Illn. 2020;42:1312–27. [DOI] [PubMed]
Vest JR, Gamm LD. Health information exchange: persistent challenges and new strategies.J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2010;17:288–94. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Kaelber DC, Bates DW. Health information exchange and patient safety.J Biomed Inform. 2007;40:S40–5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Laprise C. It’s time to take a sustainable approach to health care in the face of the challenges of the 21st century.One Health. 2023;16:100510. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Borna S, Maniaci MJ, Haider CR, Maita KC, Torres-Guzman RA, Avila FR, et al. Artificial Intelligence Models in Health Information Exchange: A Systematic Review of Clinical Implications.Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11:2584. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Habbal A, Ali MK, Abuzaraida MA. Artificial Intelligence Trust, Risk and Security Management (AI TRiSM): Frameworks, applications, challenges and future research directions.Expert Syst Appl. 2024;240:122442. [DOI]
Lewis AE, Weiskopf N, Abrams ZB, Foraker R, Lai AM, Payne PRO, et al. Electronic health record data quality assessment and tools: a systematic review.J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2023;30:1730–40. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Salvi A, Spagnoletti P, Noori NS. Cyber-resilience of critical cyber infrastructures: Integrating digital twins in the electric power ecosystem.Comput Secur. 2022;112:102507. [DOI]
Rajamäki J, Hummelholm A. SHAPES secure cloud platform for healthcare solutions and services. In: Eze T, Speakma L, Onwubiko C, editors. Cyber Warfare and Security. ECCWS 2020: Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security; 2020 Jun 25–26. Sonning Common: Academic Conferences and Publishing International (ACPI); 2020. pp. 614–8. [DOI]
Resilience modeling for civil military operations with the framework incorporating complex uncertainty system [Internet].Champaign: The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC); c2016 [cited 2024 May 15]. Available from: https://erdc-library.erdc.dren.mil/jspui/handle/11681/47562
Linkov I, Bridges T, Creutzig F, Decker J, Fox-Lent C, Kröger W, et al. Changing the resilience paradigm.Nat Clim Chang. 2014;4:407–9. [DOI]
Rajamäki J. Resilience Management Concept for Railways and Metro Cyber-Physical Systems. In: Eze T, Speakman L, Onwubiko C, editors. Cyber Warfare and Security. ECCWS 2021: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security; 2021 Jun 24–25; Chester, UK. London: Academic Conferences and Publishing International Ltd; 2021. pp. 337–45. [DOI]
Steen-Tveit K, Radianti J. Analysis of common operational picture and situational awareness. In: Franco Z, González JJ, Canós JH, editors. Command and Control Studies. ISCRAM 2019: Proceedings of the 16th Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference; 2019 May 19–22; València, Spain. Brussels: ISCRAM; 2019. pp. 199–208.
Borglund E. The role of artefacts in creating a common operational picture during large crises. In: Comes T, Bénaben F, Hanachi C, Lauras M, Montarnal A, editors. Command and Control Studies. ISCRAM 2017: Proceedings of the 14th ISCRAM Conference; 2017 May 21–24; Albi, France. Brussels: ISCRAM; 2017. pp. 191–203.
Mantas J, Ammenwerth E, Demiris G, Hasman A, Haux R, Hersh W, et al. Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) on Education in Biomedical and Health Informatics. First Revision.Methods Inf Med. 2010;49:105–20. [DOI] [PubMed]
HITComp-Competencies. [Internet].Beverly Hills: HITCOMP and Omni Micro Systems - Omni Med Solutions; c2024 [cited 2024 Feb 13]. Available from: http://hitcomp.org/competencies/
Bichel-Findlay J, Koch S, Mantas J, Abdul SS, Al-Shorbaji N, Ammenwerth E, et al. Recommendations of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) on Education in Biomedical and Health Informatics: Second Revision.Int J Med Inform. 2023;170:104908. [DOI] [PubMed]
Koby M, Orit H. How Can Computer Science Educators Benefit from Data Science Education? In: Computer Science Education. ACM 2021: Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education; 2021 March 13–20; Virtual Event, USA. New York: Association for Computing Machinery; 2021. p. 1363. [DOI]
Cárnio EC. Basic sciences and nursing.Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2011;19:1061–2. [DOI] [PubMed]
Kuek A, Hakkennes S. Healthcare staff digital literacy levels and their attitudes towards information systems.Health Informatics J. 2020;26:592–612. [DOI] [PubMed]
Jamil S, Rahman M, Fawad. A comprehensive survey of digital twins and federated learning for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and Internet of Drones (IoD).Appl Syst Innov. 2022;5:56. [DOI]
Wang B, Zhou H, Li X, Yang G, Zheng P, Song C, et al. Human Digital Twin in the context of Industry 5.0.Robot Comput Integr Manuf. 2024;85:102626. [DOI]
Vishnu S, Ramson SJ, Jegan R. Internet of medical things (IoMT)-An overview. In: Devices, Circuits and Systems. ICDCS 2020: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems; 2020 Mar 5–6; Coimbatore, India. New York: IEEE; 2020. pp. 101–4. [DOI]
Lee E, Gerla M, Pau G, Lee U, Lim J. Internet of Vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular fogs.Int J Distrib Sens Netw. 2016;12. [DOI]
Xames MD, Topcu TG. A systematic literature review of digital twin research for healthcare systems: research trends, gaps, and realization challenges.IEEE Access. 2024;12:4099–126. [DOI]
Glaessgen E, Stargel D. The digital twin paradigm for future NASA and US air force vehicles. In: Special Session on the Digital Twin. SDM 2012: Proceedings of the 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference-Special Session on the Digital Twin; 2012 Apr 23–26; Honolulu, USA. Reston: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA); 2012. p. 1818. [DOI]
Negri E, Fumagalli L, Macchi M. A review of the roles of digital twin in CPS-based production systems.Procedia Manuf. 2017;11:939–48. [DOI]
Kritzinger W, Karner M, Traar G, Henjes J, Sihn W. Digita twin in manufacturing: A categorical literature review and classification.IFAC-POL. 2018;51:1016–22. [DOI]
Kaarela T. A common digital twin platform for education, training and collaboration [dissertation]. Tampere: Tampere University; 2023.
Rosen R, von Wichert G, Lo G, Bettenhausen KD. About the importance of autonomy and digital twins for the future of manufacturing.IFAC-POL. 2015;48:567–72. [DOI]
Miranda J, Navarrete C, Noguez J, Molina-Espinosa, JM, Ramírez-Montoya MS, Navarro-Tuch SA, et al. The core components of education 4.0 in higher education: Three case studies in engineering education.Comput Electr Eng. 2021:93:107278. [DOI]
Lasi H, Fettke P, Kemper HG, Feld T, Hoffmann. Industry 4.0.Bus Inf Syst Eng. 2014;6:239–42. [DOI]
Venkatesh KP, Brito G, Boulos MNK. Health Digital Twins in Life Science and Health Care Innovation.Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2024;64:159–70. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hazrat M, Hassan N, Chowdhury A, Rasul M, Taylor B. Developing a skilled workforce for future industry demand: The potential of digital twin-based teaching and learning practices in engineering education.Sustain. 2023;15:16433. [DOI]
Liu Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zhou L, Ren L, Wang F, et al. A novel cloud-based framework for the elderly healthcare services using digital twin.IEEE Access. 2019;7:49088–101. [DOI]
Huang P, Kim K, Schermer M. Ethical Issues of Digital Twins for Personalized Health Care Service: Preliminary Mapping Study.J Med Internet Res. 2022;24:e33081. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Turab M, Jamil S. A Comprehensive survey of digital twins in healthcare in the era of metaverse.BioMedInformatics. 2023;3:563–84. [DOI]
Viceconti M, Vos MD, Mellone S, Geris L. Position paper From the digital twins in healthcare to the Virtual Human Twin: a moon-shot project for digital health research.IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2023;228:491–501. [DOI] [PubMed]
Saracco R. Digital twins: Bridging physical space and cyberspace.Computer. 2019;52:58–64. [DOI]
Ricci A, Croatti A, Mariani, S, Montagna S, Picone M. Web of digital twins.TOIT. 2022;22:1–30. [DOI]
Brucherseifer E, Winter H, Mentges A, Mühlhäuser M, Hellmann M. Digital Twin conceptual framework for improving critical infrastructure resilience.Automatisierungstechnik. 2021;69:1062–80. [DOI]
Eckhart M, Ekelhart A, Weippl E. Enhancing cyber situational awareness for cyber-physical systems through digital twins. In: Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. ETFA 2019: Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation; 2019 Sep 10–13; Zaragoza, Spain. New York: IEEE; 2019. pp. 1222–5. [DOI]
Abburu S, Berre AJ, Jacoby M, Roman D, Stojanovic L, Stojanovic N. COGNITWIN-hybrid and cognitive digital twins for the process industry. In: Engineering, Technology and Innovation. ICE/ITMC 2020: Proceedings of 2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation; 2020 Jun 15–17; Cardiff, UK. New York: IEEE; 2020. pp. 1–8. [DOI]
