Table Info

Table 1.

Rest and stress echocardiographic predictors of outcomes in patients with HCM

Outcomes	Resting exam	Stress exam
Cardiovascular death	- LA size - LV diastolic and systolic dysfunction - Resting LVOT obstruction - Progression of MR - RV dysfunction	Exercise: - MR ≥ moderate - Increased E/e’ - WMAs - PHT Vasodilator: CFVR
SCD	- Degree of hypertrophy - “Mixed” apical HCM - LA size and function - LV diastolic and systolic dysfunction - Resting LVOT obstruction - Apical aneurysms	Exercise: PHT
HF with/without hospitalization	- “Mixed” apical HCM - LA size - LV diastolic and systolic dysfunction - Progression of MR - RV dysfunction	Exercise: - MR ≥ moderate - Increased E/e’ - WMAs - PHT Vasodilator: CFVR
Ventricular arrhythmias	- “Mixed” apical HCM - LA size and function - LV diastolic and systolic dysfunction - Resting LVOT obstruction - Apical aneurysms - RV dysfunction	Exercise: - MR ≥ moderate - Increased E/e’ - WMAs Vasodilator: CFVR
AF	LA size and function	Vasodilator: CFVR
Stroke	Resting LVOT obstruction	Exercise: - MR ≥ moderate - Increased E/e’ - WMAs - PHT Vasodilator: CFVR

AF: atrial fibrillation; CFVR: coronary flow velocity reserve; E/e’: early LV inflow velocity to early tissue Doppler annulus velocity; LA: left atrial; LV: left ventricular; LVOT: LV outflow tract; MR: mitral regurgitation; PHT: pulmonary hypertension; RV: right ventricular; SCD: sudden cardiac death; WMAs: wall motion abnormalities

Declarations

Acknowledgement

EDP was a recipient of the Erasmus+ grant for medical and doctorate students in Florence between September–December 2021 and January–December 2022.

Author contributions

ADF: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. EDP: Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Visualization. GP: Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Writing—original draft. IO: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing—review & editing.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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