The in vitro studies
| Author, year | Cell type | X-rays dose (mGy) | Equipment | ICM type | Iodine dose (mg I/mL) | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schmid and Bauchinger, 1976 | Chromosome dicentrics in Chinese hamster cells | NA | NA | Joduron | NA | Increased chromosomal damage | [9] |
| Norman et al., 1978 | Lymphocyte micronuclei and chromosome aberrations | NA | NA | Diatrizoate, triiodobenzoic acid | - | Increased chromosomal damage | [10] |
| Callisen et al., 1979 | Lymphocytesurvival | 30–120 | Faxitron | NA | 3.7–18.5 | +270% | [11] |
| Hadnagy et al., 1982 | Lymphocyte dicentrics | 500–1,880 | NA | Sodium-meglumin-joxaglat | 5.6–19.2 | +160% | [12] |
| Matsubara et al.,1997 | Lymphocyte micronuclei and chromosome aberrations | 500–4,000 | 137Cs gamma rays | Unspecified | - | No effect in gamma-irradiated cells | [13] |
| Joubert et al., 2005 | Endothelial cells | - | CT scanner | Iomeprol | - | - | [14] |
| Jost et al., 2009 | Lymphocyteγ-H2AX foci | 0–1,000 | Siemens Sensation 64 (CT) | Iotrolan | 5–50 | +149% | [15] |
| Grudzenski et al., 2009 | Lymphocyteγ-H2AX foci | 10–500 | Philips PW2148 (radiography tube) | Iopromide | 33 | +60–250% | [16] |
| Fibroblast γ-H2AX | 1,500 | Philips PW2148 (radiography tube) | Iomeprol | 33 | +50% (31–75) | [16] | |
| Pathe et al., 2011 | Lymphocyteγ-H2AX foci | 0–1,000 | Siemens MultixM (radiography) | Iopromide | 37 | +58% | [17] |
| Beels et al., 2012 | Lymphocyteγ-H2AX foci | 5–50 | Philips MG420 generator | NA | 5–20 | No net effect | [18] |
| Deinzer et al., 2014 | Lymphocyteγ-H2AX foci | 20–500 | Siemens Axiom Multix MT | Iopromid, iodixanol, iomeprol, iopamidol | 7.5–15 | +40% | [19] |
| Gould et al., 2016 | Lymphocyteγ-H2AX foci | 70–450 | Carestream DRX-Evolution (radiograph) | Ioexol | 15–52.5 | +11–111% | [20] |
| Wang et al., 2017 | Lymphocyteγ-H2AX foci | 33 | Siemens Somatom definition flash, CT dual source | Iopromide | NA | +83% of ICM alone; +350% with CT scan | [21] |
NA: not available; -: blank cell
