Main clinical and resting TTE features suggestive of a HYPER-Phen
| Parameters | HYPER-Phen | Normocontractile phenotype |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical features | ||
| Female | More frequent (> 70%) [31] | Less frequent (< 60%) [8, 31, 32] |
| Advanced age | > 65 yrs [7, 31] | < 65 yrs [33] |
| Hypertensives | > 150 mmHg [8, 33] | Normal |
| Diabetes | > 35–40% [7] | < 35–40% [7, 33] |
| Obesity | > 19% [7] | < 19% [7] |
| BNP | High or borderline [8] | Normal or much higher than HYPER-Phen in HfrEF [33] |
| Resting TTE | ||
| LVMI | > 71 g/m2 | < 71 g/m2 |
| Relative wall thickness | > 0.48 | < 0.37 [7, 34] |
| Small EDV | < 50 mL | > 100 mL [7, 34] |
| Small ESV | < 16 mL | > 30 mL [7] |
| High force | > 5 mmHg/mL | 3–5 mmHg/mL [35] |
| High EF | > 60–70% [7, 31] | < 60% [31] |
| Arterial elastance (SBP/SV) | More frequently high (> 4) | More frequently normal (< 4) [31] |
| SV | More frequently low (< 30 mL) | More frequently normal (35–50 mL) [35] |
| GLS | Normal-supernormal (> 25%) | Normal-abnormal (< 20%) [36] |
| LAVI | > 34 ml/m2 | < 34 ml/m2 [7] |
| E wave velocity | > 94 m/s | < 62 m/s [7, 34] |
| e’ | < 6 cm/s | > 10 cm/s [7] |
| E/e’ | > 13 | < 7.2 [7] |
| SPAP | > 48 mmHg | < 34 mmHg [7] |
BNP: Brain Natriuretic Peptide; HYPER-Phen: hypercontractile phenotype; TTE: transthoracic echocardiography; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; E: pulsed wave Doppler-derived peak flow velocity of early filling wave; EDV: end-diastolic volume; ESV: end-systolic volume; EF: ejection fraction; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SV: stroke volume; GLS: global longitudinal strain; LAVI: left atrial volume index; SPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure
