Table Info

Table 2.

Echocardiographic measures by LS-NVE case status

Measurement	N	Cases (N = 148)	Controls (N = 431)	P-value
Heart rate (bpm)	515	72.0 (63.0–81.8)	72.0 (61.0–83.0)	0.643¹
IVSDT (mm)	535	12.0 (10.0–13.0)	11.0 (10.0–12.0)	< 0.001¹
LVOT systolic TVI (cm)	522	23.9 (20.8–27.0)	21.0 (18.0–24.0)	< 0.001¹
LVOT velocity (m/s)	526	1.2 (1.0–1.3)	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	< 0.001¹
LV cardiac output (L/min)	504	6.6 (5.3–7.9)	5.8 (5.1–6.9)	< 0.001¹
LV cardiac index [L/(min·m²)]	502	3.3 (2.8–3.8)	3.0 (2.6–3.5)	0.002¹
LVEDD (mm)	547	49.0 (44.5–54.0)	48.0 (44.0–53.0)	0.280¹
LVESD (mm)	503	31.0 (28.0–35.0)	31.0 (28.0–35.0)	0.686¹
LV mass (g)	531	200.0 (163.8–264.0)	181.0 (144.0–227.0)	0.004¹
LV mass index (g/m²)	529	102.0 (83.0–122.2)	93.0 (77.0–114.0)	0.010¹
LVPWDT (mm)	535	11.0 (10.0–12.0)	10.0 (9.0–11.0)	< 0.001¹
LV stroke volume (mL)	516	94.5 (79.0–108.0)	82.0 (69.0–99.0)	< 0.001¹
LV systolic stroke volume index (mL/m²)	509	47.0 (40.0–53.0)	43.0 (37.0–49.0)	< 0.001¹
MV E-wave peak velocity (m/s)	526	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.8 (0.6–1.0)	< 0.001¹
MV A-wave peak velocity (m/s)	465	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	0.7 (0.6–0.9)	< 0.001¹
MV deceleration time (ms)	486	210.5 (177.5–265.5)	195.5 (167.8–227.0)	< 0.001¹
MV Annulus e’ velocity (m/s)	523	0.1 (0.1–0.1)	0.1 (0.1–0.1)	0.195¹
MV E:e’	512	13.8 (10.0–18.0)	11.1 (8.2–16.0)	< 0.001¹
Aortic stenosis	565	-	-	0.670²
None	-	132 (90.4%)	391 (93.3%)	-
Trivial	-	2 (1.4%)	4 (1.0%)	-
Mild	-	7 (4.8%)	7 (1.7%)	-
Moderate	-	4 (2.7%)	7 (1.7%)	-
Severe	-	1 (0.7%)	10 (2.4%)	-
Aortic regurgitation	565	-	-	0.552²
None	-	85 (58.2%)	258 (61.6%)	-
Trivial	-	39 (26.7%)	93 (22.2%)	-
Mild	-	14 (9.6%)	52 (12.4%)	-
Moderate	-	6 (4.1%)	15 (3.6%)	-
Severe	-	2 (1.4%)	1 (0.2%)	-
Mitral stenosis	570	-	-	0.032²
None	-	141 (95.9%)	420 (99.3%)	-
Trivial	-	1 (0.7%)	0 (0.0%)	-
Mild	-	5 (3.4%)	1 (0.2%)	-
Moderate	-	0 (0.0%)	2 (0.5%)	-
Mitral regurgitation	570	-	-	0.547²
None	-	19 (12.9%)	38 (9.0%)	-
Trivial	-	78 (53.1%)	229 (54.1%)	-
Mild	-	32 (21.8%)	102 (24.1%)	-
Moderate	-	12 (8.2%)	46 (10.9%)	-
Severe	-	6 (4.1%)	8 (1.9%)	-
AVA by velocity (cm²)	469	2.8 (2.2–3.5)	3.0 (2.3–3.5)	0.170¹
AVSP velocity (m/s)	484	1.5 (1.4–2.0)	1.4 (1.2–1.7)	< 0.001¹
AV systolic TVI (cm)	447	33.4 (27.0–43.0)	28.0 (23.1–34.0)	< 0.001¹
LVOT systolic diameter (cm)	525	2.2 (2.1–2.4)	2.2 (2.1–2.4)	0.913¹
LVEF (%)	549	62.0 (58.0–67.0)	61.0 (56.0–65.0)	0.024¹

Values represent the median (quartile 1 to quartile 3) for continuous variables and frequency (percentage) for ordinal variables. N is the number of non-missing values. P values are calculated by 1 Wilcoxon rank sum or 2 proportion trend tests. -: no data. LS-NVE: left-sided native valve endocarditis; IVSDT: interventricular septum diastolic thickness; LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract; TVI: time velocity integral; LV: left ventricular; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVPWDT: left ventricular posterior wall diastolic thickness; MV: mitral valve; AV: aortic valve; AVA: aortic valve area; AVSP: aortic valve systolic peak; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction

Supplementary materials

The supplementary material for this article is available at: https://www.explorationpub.com/uploads/Article/file/101234_sup_1.pdf.

Declarations

Acknowledgments

The authors are extremely grateful for the philanthropic support provided by a gift from Eva and Gene Lane (Baddour LM), which was paramount in our work to advance the science of cardiovascular infections and has been an ongoing focus of investigation at Mayo Clinic for over 60 years.

Author contributions

JAQM: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. JRH: Data curation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. HRV: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. BDL: Software, Formal analysis, Validation, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. MJD, MHT, JCO, HIM, NSA, PS, and DCD: Supervision, Writing—review & editing. LMB: Conceptualization, Supervision, Investigation, Methodology, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Conflicts of interest

Larry M. Baddour, M.D. reports over the past 12 months UpToDate, royalty payments (authorship duties). The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board, the reference number is 20-011665.

Consent to participate

Informed consent to participate was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Consent to publication

Not applicable.

Availability of data and materials

The data underlying this article cannot be shared publicly because the privacy of the individuals who participated in the study must be maintained and the data underlying this article were provided by the Mayo Clinic under license and permission. The data will be shared with a reasonable request to the corresponding author (Juan A. Quintero-Martinez) with the permission of the Mayo Clinic.

Funding

Not applicable.

Copyright

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