Roles of scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis

RoleDescription
Uptake of Ox-LDLScavenger receptors recognize and bind to modified LDL, particularly Ox-LDL. This uptake leads to the formation of foam cells within the arterial wall, a hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques [5].
Inflammation and foam cell formationScavenger receptor-mediated uptake of Ox-LDL triggers an inflammatory response. Foam cells accumulate in the intima (inner layer) of blood vessels, contributing to plaque formation [53].
Plaque stability and ruptureScavenger receptors are involved in the balance between plaque stability and vulnerability. While they promote lipid accumulation, excessive scavenger receptor activity can lead to plaque rupture and thrombosis [54].
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)Scavenger receptors regulate MMP production. MMPs degrade the extracellular matrix, weakening the fibrous cap of a plaque. A vulnerable plaque with a thin cap is more likely to rupture [55].