Mode of non-invasive respiratory support at time of decannulation
High flow
9 (64%)
N/A
NC
5 (36%)
N/A
Ventilator settings
PCV
N/A
6 (54%)
CPAP/PS
N/A
5 (46%)
Death
0.13
No
13 (93%)
7 (64%)
Yes
1 (7%)
4 (36%)
Reintubated
0.23
No
11 (79%)
11 (100%)
Yes
3 (21%)
0
Days off Ventilator but on ECMO (group A)
14 ± 8.5
N/A
Days off ECMO but on the ventilator (group B)
N/A
8.3 ± 10
NC: nasal cannula; PCV: pressure control ventilation; CPAP/PS: continuous positive airway pressure/pressure support; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; N/A: not applicable
Declarations
Author contributions
SK, AP, and CB: Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing. CD, CN, RW, MF, and OF: Data curation, Investigation. SZ: Formal analysis. All authors read and approved the submitted version.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
The study was approved by the Penn State Health Institutional Review Board and the Study ID number is STUDY00021063.
Consent to participate
No consent was needed from participants of this study as this was an observational, retrospective study and this waiver of consent was accepted during the IRB review.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The datasets generated for this study are available upon request to the corresponding author.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
References
Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Rossi S. COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not?Crit Care. 2020;24:154. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Behrendt CE. Acute respiratory failure in the United States: incidence and 31-day survival.Chest. 2000;118:1100–5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Douglas SL, Daly BJ, Gordon N, Brennan PF. Survival and quality of life: short-term versus long-term ventilator patients.Crit Care Med. 2002;30:2655–62. [DOI] [PubMed]
Butler MJ, Best JH, Mohan SV, Jonas JA, Arader L, Yeh J. Mechanical ventilation for COVID-19: Outcomes following discharge from inpatient treatment.PLoS One. 2023;18:e0277498. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, Demoule A, Lavoué S, Guervilly C, et al.; EOLIA Trial Group, REVA, and ECMONet. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1965–75. [DOI] [PubMed]
Brodie D, Slutsky AS, Combes A. Extracorporeal Life Support for Adults With Respiratory Failure and Related Indications: A Review.JAMA. 2019;322:557–68. [DOI] [PubMed]
Cain MT, Smith NJ, Barash M, Simpson P, Durham LA 3rd, Makker H, et al. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Right Ventricular Assist Device for COVID-19 ARDS.J Surg Res. 2021;264:81–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Giraud R, Legouis D, Assouline B, Charriere AD, Decosterd D, Brunner M, et al. Timing of VV-ECMO therapy implementation influences prognosis of COVID-19 patients.Physiol Rep. 2021;9:e14715. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Barbaro RP, MacLaren G, Boonstra PS, Iwashyna TJ, Slutsky AS, Fan E, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in COVID-19: an international cohort study of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry.Lancet. 2020;396:1071–1078. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Rossong H, Debreuil S, Yan W, Hiebert BM, Singal RK, Arora RC, et al. Long-term survival and quality of life after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2023;166:555–66.e2. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sadana D, Kaur S, Sankaramangalam K, Saini I, Banerjee K, Siuba M, et al. Mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, 2009-2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Crit Care Resusc. 2023;24:341–51. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Kangelaris KN, Ware LB, Wang CY, Janz DR, Zhuo H, Matthay MA, et al. Timing of Intubation and Clinical Outcomes in Adults With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Crit Care Med. 2016;44:120–9. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Combes A, Pesenti A, Ranieri VM. Fifty years of research in ARDS: is extracorporeal circulation the future of acute respiratory distress syndrome management?Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195:1161–70. [DOI] [PubMed]
Schmidt M, Burrell A, Roberts L, Bailey M, Sheldrake J, Rycus PT, et al. Predicting survival after ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock: the survival after veno-arterial-ECMO (SAVE)-score.Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2246–56. [DOI] [PubMed]
Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, Mendonça AD, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure.Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:707–10. [DOI] [PubMed]
Maybauer MO. Extracorporeal Membrane oxygenation: An interdisciplinary problem-based Learning Approach. New York: Oxford; 2022. [DOI]
Hirose H, Yamane K, Marhefka G, Cavarocchi N. Right ventricular rupture and tamponade caused by malposition of the Avalon cannula for venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;7:36. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Schmack B, Farag M, Kremer J, Grossekettler L, Brcic A, Raake PW, et al. Results of concomitant groin-free percutaneous temporary RVAD support using a centrifugal pump with a double-lumen jugular venous cannula in LVAD patients.J Thorac Dis. 2019;11:S913–20. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Fior G, Colon ZFV, Peek GJ, Fraser JF. Mechanical Ventilation during ECMO: Lessons from Clinical Trials and Future Prospects.Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;43:417–25. [DOI] [PubMed]
Sauer CM, Yuh DD, Bonde P. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use has increased by 433% in adults in the United States from 2006 to 2011.ASAIO J. 2015;61:31–6. [DOI] [PubMed]
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study.Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:475–81. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Henry BM, Lippi G. Poor survival with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Pooled analysis of early reports.J Crit Care. 2020;58:27–8. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Hajage D, Combes A, Guervilly C, Lebreton G, Mercat A, Pavot A, et al.; COVID-ICU Investigators. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;206:281–94. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Munshi L, Walkey A, Goligher E, Pham T, Uleryk EM, Fan E. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7:163–72. [DOI] [PubMed]
Rabie AA, Elhazmi A, Azzam MH, Abdelbary A, Labib A, Combes A, et al. Expert consensus statement on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO for COVID-19 severe ARDS: an international Delphi study.Ann Intensive Care. 2023;13:36. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Swol J, Shekar K, Protti A, Tukacs M, Broman LM, Barrett NA, et al. Extubate Before Venovenous Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation Decannulation or Decannulate While Remaining on the Ventilator? The EuroELSO 2019 Weaning Survey.ASAIO J. 2021;67:e86–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Broman LM, Malfertheiner MV, Montisci A, Pappalardo F. Weaning from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: how I do it.J Thorac Dis. 2018;10:S692–7. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Chacko CJ, Goyal S, Yusuff H. Awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients expanding the horizons.J Thorac Dis. 2018;10:S2215–6. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Bataillard A, Hebrard A, Gaide-Chevronnay L, Martin C, Durand M, Albaladejo P, et al. Extubation in patients undergoing extracorporeal life support.Int J Artif Organs. 2017;40:696–700. [DOI] [PubMed]
Vasques F, Romitti F, Gattinoni L, Camporota L. How I wean patients from veno-venous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation.Crit Care. 2019;23:316. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Burns KEA, Rizvi L, Cook DJ, Lebovic G, Dodek P, Villar J, et al.; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Ventilator Weaning and Discontinuation Practices for Critically Ill Patients.JAMA. 2021;325:1173–84. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Zangrillo A, Landoni G, Biondi-Zoccai G, Greco M, Greco T, Frati G, et al. A meta-analysis of complications and mortality of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Crit Care Resusc. 2013;15:172–8. [PubMed]
Oude Lansink-Hartgring A, van Minnen O, Vermeulen KM, van den Bergh WM; Dutch Extracorporeal Life Support Study Group. Hospital Costs of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adults: A Systematic Review.Pharmacoecon Open. 2021;5:613–23. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ely EW, Shintani A, Truman B, Speroff T, Gordon SM, Jr FEH, et al. Delirium as a predictor of mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit.JAMA. 2004;291:1753–62. [DOI] [PubMed]
Girard TD, Jackson JC, Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Thompson JL, Shintani AK, et al. Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness.Crit Care Med. 2010;38:1513–20. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Supady A, Combes A, Barbaro RP, Camporota L, Diaz R, Fan E, et al. Respiratory indications for ECMO: focus on COVID-19.Intensive Care Med. 2022;48:1326–37. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
