The authors acknowledge the research support provided by the National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research Chandigarh and Prof. Ashwani Kumar from Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent to publication
Not applicable.
Availability of data and materials
The authors declare that the data may be available on request.
Funding
The authors was supported by the Department of Science and Technology for funding under FIST Level-0 [Project No. SR/FST/College-/2020/997]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Ngo TD, Kashani A, Imbalzano G, Nguyen KT, Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications, and challenges.Composites Part B: Engineering. 2018;143:172–96. [DOI]
Singh R, Husain M, Mehra S. On 3D Printing of Functionally Graded Implants Using Two Different Metallic Powder-Based Alloys.Natl Acad Sci Lett. 2023. [DOI]
Obeidi MA. Metal additive manufacturing by laser-powder bed fusion: Guidelines for process optimization.Results Eng. 2022;15:100473. [DOI]
Singh R, Husain M. Bone model studies for DMLS based 3D printed innovative dental implant. In: Hashmi S, editor. Comprehensive Materials Processing (Second Edition). Oxford: Elsevier; 2024. pp. 68–78. [DOI]
Pradhan SR, Husain M, Singh R, Banwait SS. A Case Study of 4D-Imaging-Assisted 4D Printing for Clinical Dentistry for Canines.In: 4D Imaging to 4D Printing. 1st Edition. CRC Press; 2022. pp. 119–36.
Singh R, Husain M. Orthopedic implant fabrication for canine using DMLS: A case study. In: Hashmi S, editor. Comprehensive Materials Processing (Second Edition). Oxford: Elsevier; 2024. pp. 28–36. [DOI]
Uçak N, Çiçek A, Aslantas K. Machinability of 3D printed metallic materials fabricated by selective laser melting and electron beam melting: A review.J Manuf Processes. 2022;80:414–57. [DOI]
Husain M, Singh R, Pabla BS. Effect of autoclaving on the dimensional stability and surface characteristics of 3D printed PVDF composite-based implants.J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2023:08927057231222843. [DOI]
Kumar S. Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion. In: Additive Manufacturing Processes. Springer, Cham; 2020. pp. 65–78. [DOI]
Svetlizky D, Das M, Zheng B, Vyatskikh AL, Bose S, Bandyopadhyay A, et al. Directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing: Physical characteristics, defects, challenges, and applications.Mater Today. 2021;49:271–95. [DOI]
Husain M, Singh R, Pabla BS. On Secondary Recycling of PVDF for 3D Printing of Functional Sensors: Mechanical, Flow, Thermal, and Dielectric Properties.Natl Acad Sci Lett. 2023. [DOI]
Altunatmaz K, Ozsoy S, Mutlu Z, Devecioglu Y, Guzel O. Use of intramedullary fully-threaded pins in the fixation of feline and canine humeral, femoral and tibial fractures.Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2012;25:321–5. [DOI] [PubMed]
Singh R, Sidhu JS, Rishab, Pabla BS, Kumar A. Three-dimensional printing of innovative intramedullary pin profiles with direct metal laser sintering.J Mater Eng Perform. 2022;31:240–53. [DOI]
Husain M, Singh R, Pabla BS. Investigating the torsional characteristics of 3D printed polyvinylidene fluoride composite.J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2023:08927057231216746. [DOI]
Zieliński A, Sobieszczyk S, Seramak T, Serbiński W, Świeczko-Żurek B, Ossowska A. Biocompatibility and bioactivity of load-bearing metallic implants.Adv Mater Sci. 2010;10:21–31. [DOI]
Baltatu MS, Tugui CA, Perju MC, Benchea M, Spataru MC, Sandu AV, et al. Biocompatible titanium alloys used in medical applications.Rev Chim. 2019;70:1302–6. [DOI]
Husain M, Singh R, Kumar A, Davim JP. 7 Metastructure-based metal 3D printing for innovative application. In: Singh R, Kumar R, Kumar V, Davim JP, editors. Vol 3D Printing: Polymer, Metal and Gel Based Additive Manufacturing. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter; 2024, pp. 123–40. [DOI]
Nie FL, Wang SG, Wang YB, Wei SC, Zheng YF. Comparative study on corrosion resistance and in vitro biocompatibility of bulk nanocrystalline and microcrystalline biomedical 304 stainless steel.Dent Mater. 2011;27:677–83. [DOI]
Ali S, Abdul Rani AM, Baig Z, Ahmed SW, Hussain G, Subramaniam K, et al. Biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of metallic biomaterials.Corros Rev. 2020;38:381–402. [DOI]
Strouboulis T, Babuška I, Copps K. The design and analysis of the generalized finite element method.Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng. 2000;181:43–69. [DOI]
Singh R, Singh G, Anand A. On 3D printed intelligent diaphragmatic hernia sensor.Rapid Prototyping J. 2023. [DOI]
Husain M, Singh R, Pabla BS. On compressive properties of 3D printed polyvinylidene fluoride composite for implant applications.J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2023:08927057231200005. [DOI]
Yan W, O’Dowd NP, Busso EP. Numerical study of sliding wear caused by a loaded pin on a rotating disc.J Mech Phys Solids. 2002;50:449–70. [DOI]
Flores P, Ambrósio J, Claro JP. Dynamic analysis for planar multibody mechanical systems with lubricated joints.Multibody Syst Dyn. 2004;12:47–74. [DOI]
Husain M, Singh R, Pabla BS. On PVDF composite prepared by single screw extruder: A statistical analysis of mechanical properties.Mater Today: Proc. 2023. [DOI]
Husain M, Singh R, Pabla BS. On-process capability of single screw extruder for fabricating PVDF composite matrix.Mater Today: Proc. 2023. [DOI]
Singh G, Singh R, Husain M. On dimensional stability of 3D printed functional prototypes for assembly applications.Mater Today: Proc. 2023. [DOI]
De Jong WH, Carraway JW, Geertsma RE. In vivo and in vitro testing for the biological safety evaluation of biomaterials and medical devices. In: Boutrand JP, editor. In vivo and in vitro testing for the biological safety evaluation of biomaterials and medical devices. Second Edition. Woodhead Publishing; 2020. pp. 123–66. [DOI]
Singh R, Singh G, Anand A. On Novel 3D-Printed Diaphragmatic Hernia Solution for Bubalus Bubalis.J Mater Eng Perform. 2023. [DOI]
Yadollahi A, Shamsaei N, Thompson SM, Elwany A, Bian L. Mechanical and microstructural properties of selective laser melted 17-4 PH stainless steel. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing. 2015 Nov 13–19; Houston, Texas, USA. 2015. p. V02AT02A014. [DOI]
Maj P, Adamczyk-Cieslak B, Lewczuk M, Mizera J, Kut S, Mrugala T. Formability, microstructure and mechanical properties of flow-formed 17-4 PH stainless steel.J Mater Eng Perform. 2018;27:6435–42. [DOI]
Sevkat E, Tumer H, Kelestemur MH, Dogan S. Effect of torsional strain-rate and lay-up sequences on the performance of hybrid composite shafts.Mater Des. 2014;60:310–9. [DOI]
Mostafaei A, Behnamian Y, Krimer YL, Stevens EL, Luo JL, Chmielus M. Effect of solutionizing and aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of powder bed binder jet printed nickel-based superalloy 625.Mater Des. 2016;111:482–91. [DOI]
Brenne F, Taube A, Pröbstle M, Neumeier S, Schwarze D, Schaper M, et al. Microstructural design of Ni-base alloys for high-temperature applications: impact of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties after selective laser melting.Prog Addit Manuf. 2016;1:141–51. [DOI]
Alcisto J, Enriquez A, Garcia H, Hinkson S, Steelman T, Silverman E, et al. Tensile properties and microstructures of laser-formed Ti-6Al-4V.J Mater Eng Perform. 2011;20:203–12. [DOI]
Waymel RF, Chew HB, Lambros J. Loading orientation effects on the strength anisotropy of additively-manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys under dynamic compression.Exp Mech. 2019;59:829–41. [DOI]
Yoder JK, Erb DJ, Henderson R, Hang ZY. Closed-loop temperature-controlled solid-state additive manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V with forging standard out-of-plane tensile properties.J Mater Process Technol. 2023;322:118201. [DOI]
Kozelskaya AI, Rutkowski S, Frueh J, Gogolev AS, Chistyakov SG, Gnedenkov SV, et al. Surface Modification of Additively Fabricated Titanium-Based Implants by Means of Bioactive Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings for Bone Replacement.J Funct Biomater. 2022;13:285. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Chudinova EA, Surmeneva MA, Timin AS, Karpov TE, Wittmar A, Ulbricht M, et al. Adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy scaffolds modified with calcium phosphate nanoparticles.Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019;176:130–9. [DOI] [PubMed]
Husain M, Singh R, Pabla BS. On biodegradability of 3D printed polyvinylidene fluoride composites.Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part E. 2023:09544089231206045. [DOI]
