PH: precipitate hardened; PVDF-HAP-CS: polyvinylidene fluoride-hydroxyapatite-chitosan; RF: radio frequency; SS: stainless steel. fr is frequency; S11 is reflection coefficient
Declarations
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the research support provided by the National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research Chandigarh and Prof. Arun Anand from Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Ludhiana.
Rupinder Singh and J. Paulo Davim who are the Guest Editors of Exploration of BioMat-X had no involvement in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. Other authors don’t have any conflicts of interest/competing interests.
Ethical approval
X-ray examinations were conducted as part of routine animal data collection in the X-ray laboratory of GADVASU, Ludhiana, India, and were part of routine non-experimental agricultural practices. These X-ray examinations are not subject to the Breeding of and Experiments on Animals (Control and Supervision) Rules (India). Therefore, ethical approval from the animal experimentation ethics committee is not required.
Consent to participate
Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from relevant participants.
Consent to publication
Informed consent to publication was obtained from relevant participants.
Availability of data and materials
The authors declare that the data can be available on reasonable request.
Funding
The authors thank the Department of Science and Technology, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research for funding under FIST Level-0 [SR/FST/College-/2020/997]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
ISO/ASTM 52900:2021(en) Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary [Internet].West Conshohocken (PA): ISO/ASTM; c2021 [cited 2024 Jun 28]. Available from: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-astm:52900:ed-2:v1:en
Kruth JP, Leu MC, Nakagawa T. Progress in additive manufacturing and rapid prototyping.CIRP Ann. 1998;47:525–40. [DOI]
Peel S, Eggbeer D, Burton H, Hanson H, Evans PL. Additively manufactured versus conventionally pressed cranioplasty implants: An accuracy comparison.Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 2018;232:949–61. [DOI] [PubMed]
Singh R, Barwar A, Kumar R, Kumar V. On mechanically recycled PLA-HAP-CS-based filaments for 3D printing of smart biomedical scaffolds.J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. 2022;44:416. [DOI]
Yuan L, Ding S, Wen C. Additive manufacturing technology for porous metal implant applications and triple minimal surface structures: A review.Bioact Mater. 2018;4:56–70. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Trenfield SJ, Madla CM, Basit AW, Gaisford S. The shape of things to come: Emerging applications of 3D printing in healthcare. In: Basit A, Gaisford S, editors. 3D printing of pharmaceuticals. Cham: Springer; 2018. pp. 1–19. [DOI]
Brunello G, Sivolella S, Meneghello R, Ferroni L, Gardin C, Piattelli A, et al. Powder-based 3D printing for bone tissue engineering.Biotechnol Adv. 2016;34:740–53. [DOI] [PubMed]
Calignano F, Manfredi D, Ambrosio EP, Iuliano L, Fino P. Influence of process parameters on surface roughness of aluminum parts produced by DMLS.Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2013;67:2743–51. [DOI]
Traini T, Mangano C, Sammons RL, Mangano F, Macchi A, Piattelli A. Direct laser metal sintering as a new approach to fabrication of an isoelastic functionally graded material for manufacture of porous titanium dental implants.Dent Mater. 2008;24:1525–33. [DOI] [PubMed]
Hosseini S, Mirdamadi S, Nemati A. Porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds for dental implants: Microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion behavior.Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L. 2016;230:927–33. [DOI]
Brown RN, Sexton BE, Chu TG, Katona TR, Stewart KT, Kyung H, et al. Comparison of stainless steel and titanium alloy orthodontic miniscrew implants: a mechanical and histologic analysis.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145:496–504. [DOI] [PubMed]
Mutlu I, Oktay E. Biocompatibility of 17-4 PH stainless steel foam for implant applications.Biomed Mater Eng. 2011;21:223–33. [DOI] [PubMed]
Pooniya R, Palsania SK, Saini R, Kumar A, Lal M, Kumar H. Surgico-therapeutic management of diaphragmatic hernia in buffalo: A review of 8 cases.Pharma Innovation J. 2022;SP-11:2118–23.
Sharma K, Sangwan V, Kumar A, Singh N, Singh T, Mohindroo J. Diagnosis and surgical outcome of diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy in cows.Large Anim Rev. 2024;30:43–50.
Athar H, Mohindroo J, Singh K, Kumar A, Raghunath M. Comparison of radiography and ultrasonography for diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia in bovines.Vet Med Int. 2010;2010:939870. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Blount AL, Craft RO, Harold KL, Roberts CC. Laparoscopic Repair of a Chronic Iatrogenic Diaphragmatic Hernia.Radiol Case Rep. 2015;4:304. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Valente A, Brereton RJ. Unilateral agenesis of the diaphragm.J Pediatr Surg. 1987;22:848–50. [DOI] [PubMed]
Geisler F, Gotlieb A, Fried D. Agenesis of the right diaphragm: repaired with marlex.J Pediatr Surg. 1977;12:587–8. [DOI] [PubMed]
Bekdash B, Singh B, Lakhoo K. Recurrent late complications following congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair with prosthetic patches: a case series.J Med Case Rep. 2009;3:7237. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Sugarbaker DJ, Jaklitsch MT, Bueno R, Richards W, Lukanich J, Mentzer SJ, et al. Prevention, early detection, and management of complications after 328 consecutive extrapleural pneumonectomies.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004;128:138–46. [DOI] [PubMed]
Lee SL, Poulos ND, Greenholz SK. Staged reconstruction of large congenital diaphragmatic defects with synthetic patch followed by reverse latissimus dorsi muscle.J Pediatr Surg. 2002;37:367–70. [DOI] [PubMed]
Saxena P, Shukla P. A comprehensive review on fundamental properties and applications of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF).Adv Compos Hybrid Mater. 2021;4:8–26. [DOI]
Lei K, Hsieh Y, Chiu Y, Wu M. The Structure Design of Piezoelectric Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Polymer-Based Sensor Patch for the Respiration Monitoring under Dynamic Walking Conditions.Sensors (Basel). 2015;15:18801–12. [DOI] [PubMed] [PMC]
Ranjan N, Singh R, Ahuja IP, Singh J. Fabrication of PLA-HAp-CS based biocompatible and biodegradable feedstock filament using twin screw extrusion. In: AlMangour B, editor. Additive Manufacturing of Emerging Materials. Cham: Springer; 2019. pp. 325–45. [DOI]
Kiourti A, Nikita KS. A review of implantable patch antennas for biomedical telemetry: Challenges and solutions [Wireless Corner].IEEE Antennas Propag Mag. 2012;54:210–28. [DOI]
Soontornpipit P, Furse CM, Chung YC. Design of implantable microstrip antenna for communication with medical implants.IEEE Transactions Microwave Theory Tech. 2004;52:1944–51. [DOI]
Kiziltas G, Psychoudakis D, Volakis JL, Kikuchi N. Topology design optimization of dielectric substrates for bandwidth improvement of a patch antenna.IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2003;51:2732–43. [DOI]
Kiourti A, Nikita KS. Meandered versus spiral novel miniature PIFAs implanted in the human head: Tuning and performance. In: Nikita KS, Lin JC, Fotiadis DI, Arredondo Waldmeyer MT, editors. Proceedings of MobiHealth: International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare; 2011 Oct 5–7; Kos Island, Greece. Berlin: Springer; 2012. pp. 80–7. [DOI]
Singh R, Kumar S, Singh AP, Wei Y. On comparison of recycled LDPE and LDPE–bakelite composite based 3D printed patch antenna.Proc Inst Mech Eng Part L. 2022;236:842–56. [DOI]
Boparai KS, Singh R, Kumar A, Pradhan SR, Khan MM. On Tribological and In-vitro Analysis of Meta-Structure-Based 3D Printed Horse Hoof Strap.Natl Acad Sci Lett. 2023;46:117–21. [DOI]
Singh S, Singh G, Prakash C, Ramakrishna S, Lamberti L, Pruncu CI. 3D printed biodegradable composites: An insight into mechanical properties of PLA/chitosan scaffold.Polym Test. 2020;89:106722. [DOI]
Husain M, Singh R, Pabla BS. A review on 3D printing of partially absorbable implants.J Inst Eng (India) Series C. 2023;104:1113–32. [DOI]
Singh R, Singh G, Anand A. On 3D printed intelligent diaphragmatic hernia sensor.Rapid Prototyping J. 2024;30:323–37. [DOI]