Summary of bone related effects of GSK3 inhibitors, AZD2858, BIO, and LiCl in pre-clinical fracture and defect models. Reproduced from Ref. [234] with permission from Elsevier
Species
Models
Treatment
Dose
Healing and Strength
Major Findings
Refs
Mice
Femur Fracture
AZD2858 controlled releaseAZD2858 injection
0.168 mg
↑ BV/TV, strength↔ BV/TV
Nanoparticles from controlled release over 9 days showed greater accumulation in fracture bone and accelerated fracture healing (4 weeks)At same dose, free AZD failed to accelerate bone healing
Micellar delivery of 6BIO controlled release over 7 days showed accelerated fracture healing compared with free 6BIO and control (3wks)At same dose, free 6BIO failed to accelerate bone healing
Polymeric nanoparticles showed greater accumulation in fractured bone but failed to improve bone healing (3 wks)At same dose, free 6BIO failed to accelerate bone healing
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the CIHR and NSERC Collaborative Health Research Program, as well as the Canada Research Chair – Tier 1 in Regenerative Medicine and Nanomedicine, and the FRQS funding. However, the funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Schematic figures were made using a paid subscription to the Biorender Software and graphs were created using Microsoft Excel.
Maryam Tabrizian is Editor-in-Chief of Exploration of BioMat-X, and Aldo Roberto Boccaccini is an Associate Editor of the journal. They were not involved in the decision-making or the review process of this manuscript. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Exploration maintains a neutral stance on jurisdictional claims in published institutional affiliations and maps. All opinions expressed in this article are the personal views of the author(s) and do not represent the stance of the editorial team or the publisher.
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