Aim:
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Plasma biomarkers have long been used to evaluate physiological or pathological processes and to make predictions about [...] Read more.
Aim:
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Plasma biomarkers have long been used to evaluate physiological or pathological processes and to make predictions about the outcome of stroke patients. The current systematic review is focused on genetic plasma biomarkers as a new potential prognostic indicator for post-stroke recovery. The aim of the present systematic review is to assess the potential of genetic plasma biomarkers associated with stroke to predict post-stroke recovery.
Methods:
The search strategy used PubMed and Web of Science databases to identified 166 studies that investigated genetic plasma biomarkers in patients with stroke between 2017 and 2021. However, only 21 of them met the inclusion criteria.
Results:
The identified genetic biomarkers can be divided into: (i) serum/plasma circular RNA (circRNA) associated with stroke onset or recurrence (5; 23.80%), (ii) genetic polymorphisms associated with the atherosclerotic process and stroke recurrence (6; 28.57%), (iii) serum/plasma long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) levels involved in immunity/inflammatory processes (4; 19.04%), (iv) marker of DNA methylation associated with stroke onset and outcome (3; 14.28%), and (v) proteins and pathways of stroke identified by serum/ plasma proteomics/genomics analysis (3; 14.28%).
Conclusions:
Overall, more than 100 potential biomarkers were found and the data suggest that combinations of plasma genetic biomarkers might be used as a better predictor for stroke.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Plasma biomarkers have long been used to evaluate physiological or pathological processes and to make predictions about the outcome of stroke patients. The current systematic review is focused on genetic plasma biomarkers as a new potential prognostic indicator for post-stroke recovery. The aim of the present systematic review is to assess the potential of genetic plasma biomarkers associated with stroke to predict post-stroke recovery.
Methods:
The search strategy used PubMed and Web of Science databases to identified 166 studies that investigated genetic plasma biomarkers in patients with stroke between 2017 and 2021. However, only 21 of them met the inclusion criteria.
Results:
The identified genetic biomarkers can be divided into: (i) serum/plasma circular RNA (circRNA) associated with stroke onset or recurrence (5; 23.80%), (ii) genetic polymorphisms associated with the atherosclerotic process and stroke recurrence (6; 28.57%), (iii) serum/plasma long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) levels involved in immunity/inflammatory processes (4; 19.04%), (iv) marker of DNA methylation associated with stroke onset and outcome (3; 14.28%), and (v) proteins and pathways of stroke identified by serum/ plasma proteomics/genomics analysis (3; 14.28%).
Conclusions:
Overall, more than 100 potential biomarkers were found and the data suggest that combinations of plasma genetic biomarkers might be used as a better predictor for stroke.
Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. These tumors all originate from the astrocyte, a star-shaped glial cell that plays a major role in [...] Read more.
Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. These tumors all originate from the astrocyte, a star-shaped glial cell that plays a major role in supporting functions of the central nervous system (CNS), including blood-brain barrier (BBB) development and maintenance, water and ion regulation, influencing neuronal synaptogenesis, and stimulating the immunological response. In terms of epidemiology, glioblastoma (GB), the most common and malignant astrocytoma, generally occur with higher rates in Australia, Western Europe, and Canada, with the lowest rates in Southeast Asia. Additionally, significantly higher rates of GB are observed in males and non-Hispanic whites. It has been suggested that higher levels of testosterone observed in biological males may account for the increased rates of GB. Hereditary syndromes such as Cowden, Lynch, Turcot, Li-Fraumeni, and neurofibromatosis type 1 have been linked to increased rates of astrocytoma development. While there are a number of specific gene mutations that may influence malignancy or be targeted in astrocytoma treatment, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene function is an important predictor of astrocytoma response to chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ for primary and bevacizumab in the setting of recurrent tumor formation are two of the main chemotherapeutic agents currently approved in the treatment of astrocytomas. While stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has debatable implications for increased survival in comparison to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), SRS demonstrates increased precision with reduced radiation toxicity. When considering surgical resection of astrocytoma, the extent of resection (EoR) is taken into consideration. Subtotal resection (STR) spares the margins of the T1 enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) region, gross total resection (GTR) includes the margins, and supramaximal resection (SMR) extends beyond the margin of the T1 and into the T2 region. Surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy are integral components of astrocytoma treatment.
Hereditary risk factors, genetic mutations, and imaging modalities are discussed in reference to astrocytoma staging and mechanism of growth. In terms of the treatment of astrocytomas, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and strategic surgical interventions are discussed
Astrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. These tumors all originate from the astrocyte, a star-shaped glial cell that plays a major role in supporting functions of the central nervous system (CNS), including blood-brain barrier (BBB) development and maintenance, water and ion regulation, influencing neuronal synaptogenesis, and stimulating the immunological response. In terms of epidemiology, glioblastoma (GB), the most common and malignant astrocytoma, generally occur with higher rates in Australia, Western Europe, and Canada, with the lowest rates in Southeast Asia. Additionally, significantly higher rates of GB are observed in males and non-Hispanic whites. It has been suggested that higher levels of testosterone observed in biological males may account for the increased rates of GB. Hereditary syndromes such as Cowden, Lynch, Turcot, Li-Fraumeni, and neurofibromatosis type 1 have been linked to increased rates of astrocytoma development. While there are a number of specific gene mutations that may influence malignancy or be targeted in astrocytoma treatment, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene function is an important predictor of astrocytoma response to chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide (TMZ). TMZ for primary and bevacizumab in the setting of recurrent tumor formation are two of the main chemotherapeutic agents currently approved in the treatment of astrocytomas. While stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has debatable implications for increased survival in comparison to whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), SRS demonstrates increased precision with reduced radiation toxicity. When considering surgical resection of astrocytoma, the extent of resection (EoR) is taken into consideration. Subtotal resection (STR) spares the margins of the T1 enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) region, gross total resection (GTR) includes the margins, and supramaximal resection (SMR) extends beyond the margin of the T1 and into the T2 region. Surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy are integral components of astrocytoma treatment.
Hereditary risk factors, genetic mutations, and imaging modalities are discussed in reference to astrocytoma staging and mechanism of growth. In terms of the treatment of astrocytomas, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and strategic surgical interventions are discussed
Treatment concept successfully translated into human patientsOpen AccessEditorialDirk M. HermannPublished: February 28, 2023 Explor Neurosci. 2023;2:48–51
Genetic plasma biomarkers associated with ischemic strokeOpen AccessSystematic ReviewAim: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Plasma biomarkers have long been used to evaluate physiological or pathological processes and to make predictions about [...] Read more.Mihai Andrei Ruscu ... Aurel Popa-WagnerPublished: February 26, 2023 Explor Neurosci. 2023;2:27–47
Update for astrocytomas: medical and surgical management considerationsOpen AccessReviewAstrocytomas include a wide range of tumors with unique mutations and varying grades of malignancy. These tumors all originate from the astrocyte, a star-shaped glial cell that plays a major role in [...] Read more.Matthew Willman ... Brandon Lucke-WoldPublished: February 23, 2023 Explor Neurosci. 2023;2:1–26
