• Exploration of Immunology

    eISSN: 2768-6655
    EiC: Calogero Caruso, Italy
    Frequency: Bimonthly
    APC: No Article Processing Charge before 31 March, 2026
    Publishing Model: Open Access
    Peer Review Model: Single Blind
    Permanent Archive: Portico
    Indexing & Archiving: Scopus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, CAS, Dimensions, MyScienceWork, Portico, etc.
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    Articles
    Open Access
    Review
    Research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors in ovarian cancer
    Ovarian cancer is the deadliest malignant tumor in the female reproductive system. Despite advancements in standard treatments such as tumor debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy, the ov [...] Read more.
    Lingli Zhao ... Gaoli Niu
    Published: December 18, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:853–870
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00177
    This article belongs to the special issue The Role of Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Cancer and Hematological Malignancies
    View:148
    Download:10
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Impact of TP53 mutations on the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in cancer
    The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy may not match initial expectations due to the influence of multiple circumstances, some of which cannot be predicted. CAR-T treatment groups [...] Read more.
    Regina Mirgayazova ... Emil Bulatov
    Published: December 15, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:837–852
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00176
    View:262
    Download:9
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Original Article
    Influence of puberty stage in immune-inflammatory parameters in well-trained adolescent soccer-players, following 8-weeks of pre-seasonal preparation training
    Aim: The immune system can experience temporary suppression following acute or prolonged strenuous exercise, potentially increasing susceptibility to infections. Young athletes, who must balance  [...] Read more.
    Marios Hadjicharalambous ... Nikolaos Zaras
    Published: December 10, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:822–836
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00175
    This article belongs to the special issue Physical Activity and Immune System in Chronic Diseases : Mechanisms and Insights
    View:478
    Download:11
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Dissecting the link between PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy and cancer pain: mechanisms, research implications, and artificial intelligence perspectives
    Cancer-related pain represents one of the most common complaints of cancer patients especially for those with advanced-stage of disease and/or bone metastases. More effective therapeutic strategies  [...] Read more.
    Marco Cascella ... The TRIAL Group
    Published: December 04, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:802–821
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00174
    This article belongs to the special issue Immunology and Pain
    View:250
    Download:12
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Original Article
    Association of genetic variations of interleukin-6 polymorphism (rs1800795) with susceptibility to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in West Algerian population
    Aim: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is a polygenic auto-immune disease with a complex etiopathogenesis. It is more common in females. An imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytoki [...] Read more.
    Nawal Labiad ... Nardjess Ouikhlef
    Published: December 03, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:793–801
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00173
    This article belongs to the special issue Chronic Inflammation and Autoimmunity
    View:205
    Download:13
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Current challenges in the modern male immune system
    The tripartite network, including the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems, plays a significant role in regulatory and effector processes in the male body. On the one hand, males perform their rep [...] Read more.
    Vladimir Klimov, Andrew Klimov
    Published: November 28, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:780–792
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00172
    View:264
    Download:19
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    COVID-19 vaccine and immune response
    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; βCoV), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), causes severe lower respiratory tract infections and acute  [...] Read more.
    Sevilay Hintistan, Hatice Demirağ
    Published: December 31, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:341–355
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00023
    This article belongs to the special issue Vaccine-induced Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections
    View:26447
    Download:50
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Exploring the possible link between the spike protein immunoglobulin G4 antibodies and cancer progression
    Repeated inoculation with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines elicits immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibody production. Such an increase in the concentration of specific and non-specific IgG4 antibodies allow [...] Read more.
    Mikolaj Raszek ... Alberto Rubio-Casillas
    Published: April 25, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:267–284
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00140
    This article belongs to the special issue Old and New Paradigms in Viral Vaccinology
    View:17928
    Download:439
    Open Access
    Review
    The role of interleukin-24 in atopic dermatitis
    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin barrier disruption, type 2 immune dysregulation, chronic pruritus, and abnormal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Tapinarof, an aryl  [...] Read more.
    Yen Hai Vu ... Gaku Tsuji
    Published: April 30, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:4–15
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00002
    This article belongs to the special issue Cross Talk Among Skin Cells and Immune Cells
    View:7002
    Download:245
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms against coronavirus disease-19
    There have been significant developments in the design of nanostructured scaffolds for eliciting robust immune responses named vaccine. The technique is to produce strong immune responses is to mani [...] Read more.
    Eknath D. Ahire, Sanjay J. Kshirsagar
    Published: October 31, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:243–257
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00016
    This article belongs to the special issue Vaccine-induced Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections
    View:6440
    Download:157
    Open Access
    Review
    Interplay between mesenchymal stromal cells and immune system: clinical applications in immune-related diseases
    Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a mesodermal stem cell population, with known self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties. In the last century, MSCs have been widely used in regene [...] Read more.
    Panagiotis Mallis ... Catherine Stavropoulos Giokas
    Published: June 30, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:112–139
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00010
    View:5336
    Download:104
    Open Access
    Review
    Immunology of biodegradable nanoparticles: a brief overview on a wide growing field
    Immunity is continuously evolving by evolutionary mechanisms shaped by pathogenic stimuli of different kinds. Man-made nanomaterials (NMs) have been developed in the last decades and represent a nov [...] Read more.
    Anissa Pisani, Giuseppe Bardi
    Published: April 30, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:48–60
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00006
    View:5119
    Download:283
    Open Access
    Review
    Exploring the possible link between the spike protein immunoglobulin G4 antibodies and cancer progression
    Repeated inoculation with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines elicits immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibody production. Such an increase in the concentration of specific and non-specific IgG4 antibodies allow [...] Read more.
    Mikolaj Raszek ... Alberto Rubio-Casillas
    Published: April 25, 2024 Explor Immunol. 2024;4:267–284
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2024.00140
    This article belongs to the special issue Old and New Paradigms in Viral Vaccinology
    View:17928
    Download:439
    Open Access
    Review
    Immunology of biodegradable nanoparticles: a brief overview on a wide growing field
    Immunity is continuously evolving by evolutionary mechanisms shaped by pathogenic stimuli of different kinds. Man-made nanomaterials (NMs) have been developed in the last decades and represent a nov [...] Read more.
    Anissa Pisani, Giuseppe Bardi
    Published: April 30, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:48–60
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00006
    View:5119
    Download:283
    Open Access
    Review
    The role of interleukin-24 in atopic dermatitis
    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin barrier disruption, type 2 immune dysregulation, chronic pruritus, and abnormal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Tapinarof, an aryl  [...] Read more.
    Yen Hai Vu ... Gaku Tsuji
    Published: April 30, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:4–15
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00002
    This article belongs to the special issue Cross Talk Among Skin Cells and Immune Cells
    View:7002
    Download:245
    Times Cited: 0
    Open Access
    Review
    Chemokines and nanomaterials: interaction for useful immune-applications
    Chemokines are homeostatic or inflammatory small proteins regulating immune cell migration and are structurally characterized by cysteine disulfide bridges. Around 50 human chemokines binding almost [...] Read more.
    Giuseppe Bardi
    Published: August 31, 2022 Explor Immunol. 2022;2:637–647
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2022.00073
    View:3431
    Download:236
    Open Access
    Review
    Crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells in inflammatory skin diseases
    Cutaneous homeostasis is maintained by dynamic cellular communications between different cell types in the skin through interactions with various mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and antim [...] Read more.
    Xinhui Ni, Yuping Lai
    Published: December 31, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:418–431
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00028
    This article belongs to the special issue Cross Talk Among Skin Cells and Immune Cells
    View:4326
    Download:187
    Open Access
    Review
    Immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms against coronavirus disease-19
    There have been significant developments in the design of nanostructured scaffolds for eliciting robust immune responses named vaccine. The technique is to produce strong immune responses is to mani [...] Read more.
    Eknath D. Ahire, Sanjay J. Kshirsagar
    Published: October 31, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:243–257
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00016
    This article belongs to the special issue Vaccine-induced Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections
    View:6440
    Download:157
    Open Access
    Review
    Allogeneic gamma delta T cells as adoptive cellular therapy for hematologic malignancies
    Cancer immunotherapy, especially T-cell driven targeting, has significantly evolved and improved over the past decade, paving the way to treat previously refractory cancers. Hematologic malignancies [...] Read more.
    Navdeep Jhita, Sunil S. Raikar
    Published: June 07, 2022 Explor Immunol. 2022;2:334–350
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2022.00054
    This article belongs to the special issue Interplay of γδ T cells and Tumor Cells
    View:4968
    Download:138
    Open Access
    Review
    Crosstalk between keratinocytes and immune cells in inflammatory skin diseases
    Cutaneous homeostasis is maintained by dynamic cellular communications between different cell types in the skin through interactions with various mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and antim [...] Read more.
    Xinhui Ni, Yuping Lai
    Published: December 31, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:418–431
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00028
    This article belongs to the special issue Cross Talk Among Skin Cells and Immune Cells
    View:4326
    Download:187
    Open Access
    Review
    High avidity of vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G against SARS-CoV-2: potential relevance for protective humoral immunity
    Avidity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is defined as its binding strength to its target antigen. As a consequence of affinity maturation of the IgG response, avidity is maturing as well. Therefore, acute [...] Read more.
    Georg Bauer
    Published: March 16, 2022 Explor Immunol. 2022;2:133–156
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2022.00040
    This article belongs to the special issue Vaccine-induced Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections
    Open Access
    Review
    Immunology of biodegradable nanoparticles: a brief overview on a wide growing field
    Immunity is continuously evolving by evolutionary mechanisms shaped by pathogenic stimuli of different kinds. Man-made nanomaterials (NMs) have been developed in the last decades and represent a nov [...] Read more.
    Anissa Pisani, Giuseppe Bardi
    Published: April 30, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:48–60
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00006
    View:5119
    Download:283
    Open Access
    Review
    Interplay between mesenchymal stromal cells and immune system: clinical applications in immune-related diseases
    Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a mesodermal stem cell population, with known self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties. In the last century, MSCs have been widely used in regene [...] Read more.
    Panagiotis Mallis ... Catherine Stavropoulos Giokas
    Published: June 30, 2021 Explor Immunol. 2021;1:112–139
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2021.00010
    View:5336
    Download:104
    Open Access
    Review
    Immunopathogenesis of Orthopoxviridae: insights into immunology from smallpox to monkeypox (mpox)
    Since 2019, notable global viral outbreaks have occurred necessitating further research and healthcare system investigations. Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in 2022, whi [...] Read more.
    Brent Brown ... Enrique Chacon-Cruz
    Published: November 21, 2023 Explor Immunol. 2023;3:525–553
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2023.00119
    This article belongs to the special issue Old and New Paradigms in Viral Vaccinology
    View:3885
    Download:96
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